miércoles, 10 de noviembre de 2010

Vinaya - 4ª Parte - Textos Sagrados de Oriente









THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST



HENRY FROWDE

OXFORD UNIVEKSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 7 PATERNOSTER ROW



THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST



TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS

AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER

VOL. XIII

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1881


(All rights reserved)



VINAYA TEXTS


TRANSLATED FROM THE PÂLI

BY

T. W. RHYS DAVIDS

AND

HERMANN OLDENBERG





2. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu is sick. If he sends a messenger to the Bhikkhus (saying), "I am sick; might the Bhikkhus come to me; I long for the Bhikkhus' coming," you ought to go, O Bhikkhus, if the thing can be accomplished in seven days, even if he had not sent for you, much more when he has sent (saying to yourselves): "I will try to get food for the sick, or food for the tender of the sick, or medicine for the sick, or I will ask him (questions referring to the Dhamma), or nurse him." Within seven days you ought to return.

3. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, inward struggles have befallen a Bhikkhu. If he sends a messenger to the Bhikkhus: "Inward struggles have befallen me; might the Bhikkhus come to me; I long for the Bhikkhus' coming," you ought to go .... (&c., as in § 2, down to): (saying to yourselves): "I will try to appease those struggles, or cause them to be appeased (by another), or compose him by religious conversation." Within seven days you ought to return.

4. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu in whose mind doubts of conscience have arisen sends . . . (&c., as in § 3, down to): (saying to yourselves): "I will try to dispel those doubts, or cause them to be dispelled, or compose him by religious conversation." Within seven days you ought to return.

5. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu takes to a false doctrine. If he sends .... (&c., down to): (saying to yourselves): "I will discuss that false doctrine, or cause another to discuss it, or compose (that Bhikkhu) by religious conversation." Within seven days you ought to return.

6. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu is guilty of a grave offence and ought to be sentenced to parivasa discipline. If he sends .... (&c., down to): (saying to yourselves): "I will take care that he may be sentenced to parivâsa discipline, or I will propose the resolution (to the assembly), or I will help to complete the quorum (required for passing the sentence of parivâsa)." Within seven days you ought to return.

7. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu ought to be sentenced to recommence penal discipline. If he sends .... (&c., as in § 6, down to the end of the section).

8. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu ought to have the mânatta discipline imposed upon him. If he sends .... (&c., as in § 6, down to the end of the section).

9. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu (having duly undergone penal discipline) ought to be rehabilitated. If he sends .... (&c., as in § 6).

10. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Saêgha is going to proceed against a Bhikkhu by the tagganiyakamma, or the nissaya, or the pabbâganiyakamma, or the paùisâraòiyakamma, or the ukkhepaniyakamma. If that Bhikkhu sends a messenger to the Bhikkhus (saying), "The Saêgha is going to proceed against me; might the Bhikkhus come to me; I long for the Bhikkhus' coming," you ought to go .... (&c., as in § 2, down to): (saying to yourselves): "What can be done in order that the Saêgha may not proceed (against that Bhikkhu) or may mitigate the proceeding?" Within seven days you ought to return.

11. 'Or the Saêgha has instituted a proceeding against him, the tagganiyakamma .... (&c., down to): .... or the ukkhepaniyakamma; if he sends a messenger to the Bhikkhus: "The Saêgha has instituted a proceeding against me; might the Bhikkhus come to me; I long for the Bhikkhus coming," you ought to go .... (&c., as in § 3, down to): (saying to yourselves): "What can be done in order that this Bhikkhu may behave himself properly, live modestly, and aspire to get clear of his penance, and that the Saêgha may revoke its sentence ?" Within seven days you ought to return.

12-15. 'I n case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhunî is sick, &C.1

Nota: 1. See §§ 2-5. Read here and in all cases where the messenger is sent by a woman: 'Might the noble ones (ayyâ) come to me; I long for the noble ones coming.'

16. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhunî is guilty of a grave offence and ought to be sentenced to man at t a discipline2. If she sends.. .. (as in § 3, down to): .... (saying to yourselves): "I will take care that she may be sentenced to mânatta discipline3." Within seven days you ought to return.

Nota: 2. There is no parivâsa discipline for the Bhikkhunîs. When a Bhikkhunî has committed a Saêghâdisesa offence, no matter whether she has concealed it or not, she is sentenced to mânatta discipline for a fortnight. See Kullavagga X, i, 4; 25, 3.
Nota: 3. The phrases, 'Or I will propose the resolution to the assembly, or I will help to complete the quorum (see § 6 seq.), of course are omitted here, because, if the proceeding is directed against a Bhikkhunî, this is to be done by a Bhikkhunî and not by a Bhikkhu. See Kullavagga X, 6, 3.

17. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhunî ought to be sentenced to recommence penal discipline .... (&c., as in § 7).

18. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhunî who is to be rehabilitated .... (&c., as in § 9).

19. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Saêgha is going to proceed against a Bhikkhunî by the tagganiyakamma .... (&c., as in § 10).

20. 'Or the Saêgha has instituted a proceeding against her .... (&c., as in § 11).

21, 22. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a sikkhamânâ is sick (&c., see §§ 2-5).

'In case, O Bhikkhus, a sikkhamânâ has violated1 the precepts (in which she is trained). If she sends .... (&c., as in § 3, down to): (saying to yourselves): "I will take care that she may take upon herself the precepts (again)." Within seven days you ought to return.

Nota: 1. This translation of sikkhâ kupitâ hoti is merely conjectural; Buddhaghosa has no note here. Comp. kuppa and akuppa.

23. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a sikkhamânâ desires to receive the upasampadâ ordination. If she sends, &c., .... you ought to go (saying to yourselves): "I will take care that she may receive the upasampadâ ordination, or I will proclaim the formula (of ordination before the assembly), or I will help to complete the quorum." Within seven days you ought to return.

24, 25. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a sâmaòera is sick (&c., as in §§ 2-5). .. ., a sâmaòera desires to ask concerning Vassa1. If he sends .... (say ing to yourselves): "I will ask him or I will tell it to him." Within seven days you ought to return.

Nota: 1. The technical meaning of vassaê pukkhitum (to ask after Vassa?) is unknown to us.

26. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a sâmaòera who de sires to receive the upasampadâ ordination (&c., see § 23).

27, 28. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a sâmaòerî is sick (&c., see §§ 24-25).

29. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a sâmaòerî desires to take upon herself the precepts. If she sends. .. . &c., you should go (saying to yourselves): "I will take care that she may take upon herself the precepts." Within seven days you ought to return.'




7


1. At that time the mother of a Bhikkhu was sick. She sent a messenger to her son (saying), 'I am sick; might my son come to me; I long for my son's coming.' Now that Bhikkhu thought: The Blessed One has allowed (a Bhikkhu) to go, if the affair for which he goes can be accomplished within seven days, and if he is sent for, but not if he is not sent for, by a person of any one of the seven classes; (and he has also allowed to go), if the thing he goes for can be accomplished within seven days, even if he is not sent for, and much more if he is sent for, by a person of any one of the five classes. Now my mother is sick; she is not a lay-devotee (upasikâ). What am I, therefore, to do?'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

2. 'I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to go (even during the rainy season), if the thing you go for can be accomplished within seven days, even if you are not sent for, and much more if you are sent for, by a person of any one of the following seven classes: Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunîs, sikkhamânâs, sâmaòeras, sâmaòerîs, the mother, and the father. I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to go, if the thing you go for can be accomplished within seven days, even if you are not sent for, and much more if you are sent for, by a person of any one of these seven classes. Within seven days you ought to return.

3. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu's mother is sick. If she sends a messenger to her son (saying), " I am sick; might my son come to me; I long for my son's coming (&c., see chap. 6. 2)."

4. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu's father is sick .... (&c., as in § 3).

5. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu's brother is sick. If he sends a messenger to his brother (saying), "I am sick; might my brother come to me; I long for my brother's coming," he ought to go, O Bhikkhus, if the affair can be accomplished within seven days, and if he sends for him, but not if he-does not send for him. Within seven days he ought to return.

6. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu's sister is sick .... (&c., see § 5).

7. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a relation of a Bhikkhu is sick. If he sends a messenger to that Bhikkhu (saying), "I am sick; might his reverence come to me". .. . (&c., as in § 5).

8. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a person that used to live with the Bhikkhus1 is sick. If he sends a messenger to the Bhikkhus (saying), "I am sick; might the Bhikkhus come to me ". .. . (&c., as in § 5).'

Nota: 1. Buddhaghosa: bhikkhugatika is a person that dwells in the same Vihâra with the Bhikkhus.




8


At that time a Vihara belonging to the Saêgha went to ruin, A certain upâsaka had a quantity of wood cut in the forest. He sent a messenger to the Bhikkhus (saying), 'If their reverences will fetch that wood, I will give it to them.'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to go out on the Saêgha's business. Within seven days you ought to return.'




End of the first Bhâòavâra about the Vassa residence.




9


1. At that time the Bhikkhus of a certain district in the Kosala country who had entered upon Vassa, were troubled2 by beasts of prey; the beasts carried them off and killed them.

Nota: 2. Compare Gâtaka I, 300.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhus who have entered upon Vassa, are troubled by beasts of prey, and the beasts carry them off and kill them: this is to be considered as a case of danger, and they ought to leave that residence. They are not guilty of interruption of Vassa.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhus who have entered upon Vassa, are infested by snakes; they bite them and kill them. This is to be considered as a case of danger, .... (&c., as in § I down to) .... Vassa.

2. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhus who have entered upon Vassa, are troubled by robbers; the robbers plunder them and beat them. This is to be considered .... (&c., as in § 1) .... Vassa.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhus who have entered upon Vassa, are troubled by demons; the demons enter into them and take their power from them. This is to be considered .... (&c., as in § 1) .. .. Vassa.

3. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, the village near which the Bhikkhus have entered upon Vassa, is destroyed by fire; the Bhikkhus suffer from want of food. This is to be considered .... (&c.,as in § 1) .... Vassa.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the places of rest of the Bhikkhus who have entered upon Vassa, are destroyed by fire; the Bhikkhus suffer from having no place of rest. This is to be considered. .. .(&c., as in § 1) .... Vassa.

4. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, the village near which the Bhikkhus have entered upon Vassa, is destroyed by water; the Bhikkhus suffer from want of food, .... (&c., as in § 1) .... Vassa.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the places of rest of the Bhikkhus who have entered upon Vassa, are de stroyed by water; the Bhikkhus suffer from having no place of rest, .... (&c., as in § 1) .... Vassa.'




10


At that time the village near which the Bhikkhus of a certain district had entered upon Vassa, was transferred to another place through (fear of) robbers.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you go where the village is.'

The village (people) divided themselves in two parts.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you go where the greater part is.'

The greater part were unbelieving, unconverted people.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you go where the believing, converted people are.'




11


1. At that time the Bhikkhus of a certain district in the Kosala country who had entered upon Vassa, could get (there) neither coarse nor fine food sufficiently as required.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhus who have entered upon Vassa, can get neither coarse nor fine food sufficiently as required. This is to be considered as a case of danger, and they ought to leave that residence. They are not guilty of interruption of Vassa.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhus who have entered upon Vassa, get food coarse or fine sufficiently as required, but they cannot get sustaining food. This is to be considered .... (&c., as in § 1) .. .. Vassa.

2. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhus who have entered upon Vassa, get food coarse or fine sufficiently as required, they get sustaining food, but they cannot get proper medicine. This is to be considered .... (&c., as in § 1). .. . Vassa.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhus .... (&c., as § 1, down to) .... sustaining food, and they can get profitable medicine, but they cannot find suitable laymen to do service to them. This is to be considered. .. . (&c., as in § 1) .... Vassa.

3. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, to a Bhikkhu who has entered upon Vassa, a woman makes an offer (in these words): "Come, venerable Sir, I give you gold, or I give you bullion1, or I give you a field, or I give you a site (for a house or a garden), or I give you an ox, or I give you a cow, or I give you a slave, or I give you a female slave, or I give you my daughter as your wife, or I will be your wife, or I get another wife for you." In that case, if the Bhikkhu thinks: "The Blessed One has said that the mind of men is easily changeable; danger might arise to the purity of my life," he ought to go away from that place. He is not guilty of interruption of Vassa.

Nota: 1. See Rh. D.'s 'Ancient Coins and Measures of Ceylon,' p. 5 ('Numismata Orientalia,' vol. i).

4. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, to a Bhikkhu who has entered upon Vassa, a harlot makes an offer, &c., an adult girl makes an offer, &c., a eunuch makes an offer, &c., relations make an offer, &c., kings make an offer, &c., robbers make an offer, &c., rascals make an offer (in these words): "Come, venerable Sir, we give you gold, .... (&c., down to) .... or we give you our daughter as your wife, or we get another wife for you." In that case, .... (&c., as in § 3) .... Vassa.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu who has entered upon Vassa, finds an ownerless treasure. In that case, .... (&c., as in § 3, down to) .... Vassa.

5. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu who has entered upon Vassa, sees a number of Bhikkhus who strive to cause divisions in the Saêgha. In that case, if that Bhikkhu thinks: "The Blessed One has said that it is a grievous sin to cause divisions in the Saêgha; may no division arise in the Saêgha in my presence," let him go away. He is not guilty of interruption of Vassa.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu who has entered upon Vassa, hears: "A number of Bhikkhus are striving to cause divisions in the Saêgha." In that case, (&c., as in § 5, down to) .... Vassa.

6. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu who has entered upon Vassa, hears: "In such and such a district a number of Bhikkhus are striving to cause divisions in the Saêgha." If that Bhikkhu thinks: "Those Bhikkhus are friends of mine; I will say to them: 'The Blessed One, my friends, has said that it is a grievous sin to cause divisions in the Saêgha; let not divisions in the Saêgha please you, Sirs;' then they will do what I say, they will obey me and give ear," in that case let him go (to that place). He is not guilty of interruption of Vassa.

7. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu who has entered upon Vassa, hears: "In such and such a district a number of Bhikkhus are striving to cause divisions in the Saêgha." If that Bhikkhu thinks: "Those Bhikkhus are not friends of mine, but their friends are friends of mine; to these I will say, and they will say to their friends: 'The Blessed One,. .. . (&c.,' as in § 6, down to) Vassa.

8. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu who has entered upon Vassa, hears: "In such and such a district divisions in the Saêgha have been caused by a number of Bhikkhus." If that Bhikkhu .... (&c., as in § 6, down to) .... Vassa.

9. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu who has entered upon Vassa, hears: "In such and such a district divisions in the Saêgha have been caused by a number of Bhikkhus." If that Bhikkhu .... (&c., as in § 7) .... Vassa.

10-13. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu who has entered upon Vassa, hears: "In such and such a district a number of Bhikkhunîs strive to cause divisions in the Saêgha .... (&C.1)"'

Nota: 1. See 6-9. Instead of 'A number of Bhikkhus' in these paragraphs, the subject is 'A number of Bhikkhunîs.' Instead of 'Friends' or 'Sirs,' the address is 'Sisters.' In §§ 11, 13 read: 'Those Bhikkhunîs are not friends of mine, but their (female) friends are friends of mine, &c.'




12


1. At that time a Bhikkhu desired to enter upon Vassa in a cattle-pen.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to enter upon Vassa in a cattle-pen.'

The cattle-pen was moved from its place.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to go with the cattle-pen.'

2. At that time a Bhikkhu, when the time for entering upon Vassa approached, desired to go on a journey with a caravan.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to enter upon Vassa in a caravan.'

At that time a Bhikkhu, when the time for enter ing upon Vassa approached, desired to go on a journey in a ship.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to enter upon Vassa in a ship.'

3. At that time some Bhikkhus entered upon Vassa in a hollow tree. People were annoyed, murmured, and became angry: (These Bhikkhus behave) like goblins1.'

Nota: 1. This must be about the sense of pisâkillika (comp. Kullavagga V, 10, 2; 27, 5), although we are not sure how -illika ought to be explained.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, enter upon Vassa in a hollow tree. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.'

4. At that time some Bhikkhus entered upon Vassa on a branch of a tree. People were annoyed, &c.: (These Bhikkhus behave) like huntsmen.'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, enter upon Vassa on a branch of a tree. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.'

5. At that time some Bhikkhus entered upon Vassa in the open air. When it began to rain, they ran up to the foot of a tree, or to the hollow of a Nimba tree.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, enter upon Vassa in the open air. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.'

6. At that time some Bhikkhus entered upon Vassa without having a place of rest. They suffered from coldness and heat.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, enter upon Vassa without having a place of rest. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.'

7. At that time some Bhikkhus entered upon Vassa in a house for keeping dead bodies in. People were annoyed, &c.: '(These Bhikkhus are) like those who burn corpses.'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, enter upon Vassa in a house for keeping dead bodies. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.'

8. At that time some Bhikkhus entered upon Vassa under a sun-shade. People were annoyed, &c.: 'Like cowherds.'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, enter upon Vassa under a sun-shade. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.'

9. At that time some Bhikkhus entered upon Vassa under an earthenware vessel. People were annoyed, &c.: 'Like Titthiyas.'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, enter upon Vassa under an earthenware vessel. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.'




13


1. At that time the Saêgha at Sâvatthi had made an agreement that nobody should receive the pabbaggâ ordination during the rainy season. A grandson of Visâkhâ Migâramâtâ1 went to the Bhikkhus and asked them for the pabbaggâ ordination. The Bhikkhus said to him: 'The Saêgha, friend, has made an agreement that nobody shall receive the pabbaggâ ordination during the rainy season. Wait, friend, as long as the Bhikkhus keep Vassa; when they have concluded the Vassa residence, they will confer on you the pabbaggâ, ordination.'

Nota: 1. Visâkhâ was the most distinguished among the upâsikâs, and occupied a place among them similar to that which Anâthapiòàika, with whom she is frequently mentioned together, did among the upâsakas. See Dhammapada Aùùhak. p. 78, &c.

When those Bhikkhus had concluded the Vassa residence, they said to the grandson of Visâkhâ Migâramâtâ: 'Come now, friend, you may receive the pabbaggâ ordination. He replied: 'If I had received the pabbaggâ ordination before, reverend Sirs, I should remain (in the religious life), but now, reverend Sirs, I will not receive the pabbaggâ ordination.'

2. Visâkhâ Migâramâtâ was annoyed, murmured, and became angry (saying), 'How can the noble ones make such an agreement that nobody shall receive the pabbaggâ ordination during the rainy season? At what time ought the duties of the Dhamma not to be performed?'

Some Bhikkhus heard Visâkhâ Migâramâtâ, who was annoyed, murmured, and had become angry.

Those Bhikkhus told the thing to the Blessed One.

'Such an agreement, O Bhikkhus, ought not to be made—that nobody shall receive the pabbaggâ ordination during the rainy season. He who makes (an agreement like this), commits a dukkaùa offence.




14


1. At that time the venerable Upananda Sakyaputta had promised to king Pasenadi of Kosala to take up his Vassa residence (with him) at the earlier period1. When he was going to the district (where he had consented to go to), he saw on his way two districts in which there were plenty of robes, and he thought: 'What if I were to keep Vassa in these two districts; thus shall I obtain many robes.' And he kept Vassa in those two districts.

Nota: 1. See chap. 2, 2.

King Pasenadi of Kosala was annoyed, murmured, and became angry (saying), 'How can the noble Upananda Sakyaputta, after he has promised us to take up his Vassa residence (with us), break his word? Has not falsehood been reproved, and abstinence from falsehood been praised by the Blessed One in many ways?'

2. Some Bhikkhus heard king Pasenadi of Kosala, who was annoyed, &c. The moderate Bhikkhus were annoyed, murmured, and became angry (saying), 'How can the venerable Upananda Sakyaputta, after he has promised to king Pasenadi of Kosala, &c.? Has not falsehood .... (&c., as in § 1)?'

3. Those Bhikkhus told the thing to the Blessed One.

In consequence of that, the Blessed One, after having ordered the fraternity of Bhikkhus to assemble, asked the venerable Upananda Sakyaputta: 'Is it true, Upananda, that you have broken your word, having promised to king Pasenadi of Kosala to take up your Vassa residence (with him)?'

'It is true, Lord?'

Then the blessed Buddha rebuked him: 'How can you, O foolish one, break your word, having promised, &c.? Has not falsehood, O foolish one, been reproved, and abstinence from falsehood been praised by me in many ways? This will not do, O foolish one, for converting the unconverted, and for augmenting the number of the converted, but it will result, O foolish one, in the unconverted being repulsed (from the faith) and many of the converted being estranged.'

Having reproved him and delivered a religious discourse, he thus addressed the Bhikkhus:

4. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu has promised (to a lay-devotee) to take up his Vassa residence (with him) at the earlier period, and when he goes to that district, he sees on his way two districts in which there are plenty of robes, and he thinks: "What if I were to keep Vassa in these two districts; thus shall I obtain many robes;" and he keeps Vassa in those two districts. This Bhikkhu's (entering upon Vassa), O Bhikkhus, (at the) earlier period is not valid, and as to his promise he has committed a dukkaùa offence.

5. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu has promised (to a lay-devotee) to take up his Vassa residence (with him) at the earlier period, and when going to that district, he holds Uposatha outside (on the last day of the half month), and on the first day (of the next half month) he goes to the Vihâra, prepares himself a place of rest, gets (water to) drink and food, sweeps the cell, and goes away that same day without having any business. This Bhikkhu's (entering upon Vassa) .... (&c., as in § 4, down to) .... offence.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu has promised (&c., as in the preceding case, down to :) and goes away that same day having business. This Bhikkhu's (entering upon Vassa). .. . (&c., as in § 4, down to) .... offence.

6. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu has promised, &c., and having resided there two or three days, he goes away without having any business, &c.; he goes away having business. This Bhikkhu's (entering upon Vassa) (&c., as in § 4, down to) offence.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu has promised, &c., and having resided there two or three days, he goes away having a business which can be accomplished within seven days1; he is absent above those seven days. This Bhikkhu's (entering upon Vassa) (&c., as in § 4, down to) .... offence.

Nota: 1. See chap. 5 seq.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, &c., he returns within those seven days. This Bhikkhu's (entering upon Vassa), O Bhikkhus, (at the) earlier period is valid, and as to his promise he has committed no offence.

7. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu has promised, &c., and goes away seven days before the Pavâraòâ2 having business. No matter, O Bhikkhus, whether that Bhikkhu comes back to that district or does not come back, this Bhikkhu's entering, &c., is valid, and as to his promise he has committed no offence.

Nota: 2. I. e. before the concluding ceremony of Vassa; see IV, 1,13.

8-10. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu has promised, &c., and having gone to that district, he holds Uposatha there (on the last day of the half month), and on the first day (of the next half month) he goes to the Vihâra, &c.1

Nota: 1. Here follows an exact repetition of all the cases given in §§ 5-7; tne only difference is, that in the former cases it was said: 'When going to that district, he holds Uposatha outside,' instead of which it is said now: 'Having gone to that district, he holds Uposatha there.'

11. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu has promised (to a lay-devotee) to take up his Vassa residence (with him) at the later period, and when going to that district, he holds Uposatha outside, &c.2

Nota: 2. The cases given in §§ 5-10 are repeated here; instead of 'Earlier period,' it is said here 'Later period;' instead of 'Before the Pavâraòâ (§ 7), 'Before the komudî kâtumâsini.' The komudî kâtumâsini is the full moon day in the month Kattika, which is frequently called Kaumuda in the Epic literature; the epithet kâtumâsini refers to the Vedic Kâturmâsya festival, which falls upon that day (Kâtyâyana, Ärautasûtra V, 6, i). For those who entered upon Vassa at the later period (in the Ärâvaòa month), the end of Vassa fell on the Komudî day.




End of the third Khandhaka, which treats of entering upon Vassa.




FOURTH KHANDHAKA



(THE PAVÂRAÒÂ CEREMONY AT THE END OF THE RAINY SEASON, VASSA)





1


1. At that time the blessed Buddha dwelt at Sâvatthi, in the Getavana, the garden of Anâthapiòàika. At that time a number of Bhikkhus, companions and friends of each other, entered upon Vassa in a certain district of the Kosala country. Now those Bhikkhus thought: 'What shall we do in order that we may keep Vassa well, in unity, and in concord, and without quarrel, and that we may not suffer from want of food?'

2. Then those Bhikkhus thought: 'If we do not speak to or converse with each other, if he who comes back first from the village, from his alms-pilgrimage, prepares seats, gets water for washing the feet, a foot-stool, and a towel1, cleans the slop-basin and gets it ready, and puts there (water to) drink and food,—

Nota: 1. See the note on I, 6, 11.

3. 'And if he who comes back last from the village, from his alms-pilgrimage, eats, if there is any food left (from the dinner of the other Bhikkhus) and if he desires to do so; and if he does not desire (to eat), throws it away at a place free from grass, or pours it away into water in which no living things are; puts away the water for washing the feet, the foot-stool, and the towel1; cleans the slop-basin and puts it away, puts the water and the food away, and sweeps the dining-room,—

Nota: 1. See the note on I, 6, 11.

4. 'And if he who sees a water-pot, or a bowl for food, or a vessel for evacuations, empty and void, puts it (into its proper place), and if he is not able to do so single-handed, calls some one else and puts it away with their united effort1 without uttering a word on that account,—thus shall we keep Vassa well, in unity, and in concord, and without quarrel, and not suffer from want of food2.'

Nota: 1. We are not quite sure of the meaning of the compounds hattha-vikârena and hattha-vilaôghakena. Buddhaghosa says merely hatthavilaôghakenâ 'ti hatthukkhepakena.
Nota: 2. For this whole passage, compare Kullavagga VIII, 5, 3. The single actions which these Bhikkhus do, are quite correct, except that they keep silence during the whole time of Vassa, and especially at the end of it, for which time Buddha, on this occasion, prescribes the Pavâraòâ ceremony.

5-7. And those Bhikkhus did not speak to or converse with each other. He who came back from the village from his alms-pilgrimage first, prepared seats (&c., as above, § 4, down to) .... without uttering a word on that account.

8. Now it is the custom of the Bhikkhus who have finished their Vassa residence, to go to see the Blessed One. Thus those Bhikkhus, when they had finished their Vassa residence, and when the three months (of Vassa) had elapsed, set their places of rest in order, took their alms-bowls and robes, and went on their way to Sâvatthi. Wandering from place to place, they came to Sâvatthi, to the Getavanaj, the garden of Anâthapiòàika, to the Blessed One; having approached the Blessed One and respectfully saluted him, they sat down near him.

9. Now it is the custom of the blessed Buddhas to exchange greeting with incoming Bhikkhus. And the Blessed One said to those Bhikkhus: 'Do things go well with you, O Bhikkhus? Do you get enough to support yourselves with? Have you kept Vassa well, in unity, and in concord, and without quarrel? and have you not suffered from want of food?'

'Things go tolerably well with us, Lord; we get enough, Lord, wherewith to support ourselves; we have kept Vassa well, in unity, in concord, and without quarrel; and have not suffered from want of food.'

10. The Tathâgatas sometimes ask about what they know; sometimes they do not ask about what they know. They understand the right time when to ask, and they understand the right time when not to ask. The Tathâgatas put questions full of sense, not void of sense; to what is void of sense the bridge is pulled down for the Tathâgatas. For two purposes the blessed Buddhas put questions to the Bhikkhus, when they intend to preach the doctrine, or when they intend to institute a rule of conduct to their disciples.

11. And the Blessed One said to those Bhikkhus: In what way, O Bhikkhus, have you kept Vassa well, in unity, and in concord, and without quarrel, and not suffered from want of food?'

'We have entered upon Vassa, Lord, a number of Bhikkhus, companions and friends of each other, in a certain district of the Kosala country. Now, Lord, we thought: "What shall we do (&c., as in § 1)?" Then we thought, Lord: "If we do not speak (&c., as in §§ 2-4)." Thus, Lord, we did not speak to or converse with each other (&c., down to :) without uttering a word on that account. In that way, Lord, we have kept Vassa well, in unity, and in concord, and without quarrel; and have not suffered from want of food.'

12. Then the Blessed One thus addressed the Bhikkhus: Indeed, O Bhikkhus, these foolish men who profess to have kept Vassa well, have kept it badly; indeed, O Bhikkhus, these foolish men who profess to have kept Vassa well, have kept it like a herd of cattle; indeed .... have kept it like a herd of rams; indeed .... have kept it like a company of indolent people. How can these foolish persons, O Bhikkhus, take upon themselves the vow of silence, as the Titthiyas do?

13. 'This will not do, O Bhikkhus, for converting the unconverted (&c., as in Book III, chapter 14, § 3).

And when he had rebuked them and delivered a religious discourse, he thus addressed the Bhikkhus:

'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, take upon himself the vow of silence, as the Titthiyas do. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that the Bhikkhus, when they have finished their Vassa residence, hold Pavâraòâ with each other1 in these three ways: by what has been seen, or by what has been heard, or by what is suspected. Hence it will result that you live in accord with each other, that you atone for the offences (you have committed), and that you keep the rules of discipline before your eyes.

Nota: 1. Literally, invite each other; i. e. every Bhikkhu present invites his companions to tell him if they believe him guilty of an offence, having seen that offence, or having heard of it, or suspecting it.

14. 'And you ought, O Bhikkhus, to hold Pavâraòâ in this way:

'Let a learned, competent Bhikkhu proclaim the following ñatti before the Saêgha: "Let the Saêgha, reverend Sirs, hear me. To-day is the Pavâraòâ day. If the Saêgha is ready, let the Saêgha hold Pavâraòâ."

'Then let the senior Bhikkhu adjust his upper robe so as to cover one shoulder, sit down squatting, raise his joined hands, and say: "I pronounce my Pavâraòâ, friends, before the Saêgha, by what has been seen, or by what has been heard, or by what is suspected1; may you speak to me, Sirs, out of compassion towards me; if I see (an offence), I will atone for it. And for the second time, &c. And for the third time I pronounce my Pavâraòâ.... (&c., down to) .... if I see (an offence), I will atone for it."

Nota: 1. I. e. I invite the Saêgha to charge me with any offence they think me guilty of, which they have seen, or heard of, or which they suspect.

Then let (each) younger Bhikkhu adjust his upper robe .... (&c.)2

Nota: 2. As in the preceding sentence, except that the younger Bhikkhus do not address the Saêgha, 'Friends, but, Reverend Sirs.'




2


1. At that time the Khabbaggiya Bhikkhus, while the senior Bhikkhus were crouching down and were performing their Pavâraòâ, remained on their seats. The moderate Bhikkhus were annoyed, murmured, and became angry: How can the Khabbaggiya Bhikkhus remain on their seats, while the senior Bhikkhus crouch down, and perform their Pavâraòâ?'

Those Bhikkhus told the thing to the Blessed One.

'Is it true, O Bhikkhus, that the Khabbaggiya Bhikkhus, &c.?'

'It is true, O Lord.'

Then the blessed Buddha rebuked them: 'How can these foolish men, O Bhikkhus, remain on their seats (&c., as above)? This will not do, O Bhikkhus, for converting the unconverted (&c., as in chap, 1, § 13).'

Having rebuked them and delivered a religious discourse, he thus addressed the Bhikkhus: 'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, remain on his seat, while the senior Bhikkhus crouch down, and perform their Pavâraòâ. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence. I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that all of you crouch down while Pavâraòâ is being performed.'

2. At that time a certain Bhikkhu weak from age, who waited crouching till all had finished their Pavâraòâ, fell down fainting.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that (every Bhikkhu) crouches down the whole while till he has performed his Pavâraòâ, and sits down on his seat when he has performed it.'




3


1. Now the Bhikkhus thought: 'How many Pavâraòâ (days) are there?'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'There are the two following Pavâraòâ (days), O Bhikkhus: the fourteenth and the fifteenth (of the half month)1; these are the two Pavâraòâ (days), O Bhikkhus.'

Nota: 1 Comp. II, 14, i, and the note on II, 34, i.

2. Now the Bhikkhus thought: 'How many Pavâraòâ services are there?'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'There are the four following Pavâraòâ services, O Bhikkhus, &c.2'

Nota: 2. This passage is exactly identical with II, 14, 2. 3, replacing Uposatha service by Pavâraòâ service.'

3. Then the Blessed One thus addressed the Bhikkhus: Assemble, O Bhikkhus, the Saêgha will hold Pavâraòâ. When he had spoken thus, a certain Bhikkhu said to the Blessed One: 'There is a sick Bhikkhu, Lord, who is not present.'

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that a sick Bhikkhu shall declare (lit. give) his Pavâraòâ. And let him declare it, O Bhikkhus, in this way: Let that sick Bhikkhu go to some Bhikkhu, adjust his upper robe so as to cover one shoulder, sit down squatting, raise his joined hands, and say: "I declare my Pavâraòâ, take my Pavâraòâ, perform the Pavâraòâ. for me." If he expresses this by gesture, or by word, or by gesture and word, the Pavâraòâ has been declared. If he does not express this by gesture, &c., the Pavâraòâ has not been declared.

4-5. 'If (the sick Bhikkhu) succeeds in doing so, well and good. If he does not succeed, let them take that sick Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, on his bed or his chair to the assembly, &c.3

Nota: 3. This passage is a repetition of II, 22, 2-4, the words, 'Hold Uposatha,' 'Declare the Pârisuddhi,' &c., being replaced respectively by 'Hold Pavâraòâ', Declare the Pavâraòâ,' &c.

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that on the day of Pavâraòâ he who declares his Pavâraòâ, is to declare also his consent1 (to acts to be performed eventually by the Order), for (both declarations) are required for the Saêgha (and for the validity of its acts)2'

Nota: 1. See II, 23.
Nota: 2. Comp. the finishing clause of II, 23.




4


At that time relations of a certain Bhikkhu kept him back on the day of Pavâraòâ, &c.3

Nota: 3. This is a repetition of II, 24, but instead of Uposatha and Pârisuddhi read Pavâraòâ.




5

1. At that time five Bhikkhus dwelt in a certain district (or, in a certain residence of Bhikkhus) on the day of Pavâraòâ.

Now these Bhikkhus thought: 'The Blessed One has prescribed the holding of Pavâraòâ by the Saêgha, and we are (only) five persons4. Well, how are we to hold Pavâraòâ?'

Nota: 4. As a general rule five Bhikkhus were sufficient to form the quorum; but for the performance of several among the official acts of the Order the presence of more than five members was required; see IX, 4, i seq.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that five Bhikkhus should hold Pavâraòâ in a (regular) chapter5.'

Nota: 5 See IX, 4, i.

2. At that time four Bhikkhus dwelt in a certain district on the day of Pavâraòâ. Now these Bhikkhus thought: 'The Blessed One has prescribed that five Bhikkhus shall hold Pavâraòâ in a (regular) chapter, and we are (only) four persons. Well, how are we to hold Pavâraòâ?'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that four Bhikkhus should hold Pavâraòâ with each other.

3. 'And let them hold Pavâraòâ, O Bhikkhus, in this way: Let a learned, competent Bhikkhu proclaim the following ñatti before those Bhikkhus; "Hear me, Sirs. To-day is Pavâraòâ day. If you are ready, Sirs, let us hold Pavâraòâ with each other."

'Then let the senior Bhikkhu adjust his upper robe, &c., and say to those Bhikkhus: "I pronounce my Pavâraòâ, friends, before you, by what has been seen, or by what has been heard, or by what is suspected; may you speak to me, Sirs, out of compassion towards me; if I see (an offence), I will atone for it. And for the second time, &c.; and for the third time, &c."

'Then let each younger Bhikkhu, &c.'

4. At that time three Bhikkhus dwelt in a certain district on the day of Pavâraòâ. Now these Bhikkhus thought: 'The Blessed One has prescribed that five Bhikkhus shall hold Pavâraòâ in a (regular) chapter, that four Bhikkhus shall hold Pavâraòâ with each other, and we are (only) three persons. Well, how are we to hold Pavâraòâ?'

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that three Bhikkhus should hold Pavâraòâ with each other. And let them hold Pavâraòâ (&c., see § 3).'

5. At that time two Bhikkhus dwelt in a certain district on the day of Pavâraòâ. Now these Bhikkhus thought: 'The Blessed One has prescribed that five Bhikkhus, &c., that four Bhikkhus, &c., that three Bhikkhus, &c., and we are (only) two persons. Well, how are we to hold Pavâraòâ?'

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that two Bhikkhus should hold Pavâraòâ with each other.

6. 'And let them hold Pavâraòâ, O Bhikkhus, in this way: Let the senior Bhikkhu adjust his upper robe, &c., and say to the junior Bhikkhu: "I pronounce my Pavâraòâ, friend, &c,"

'Then let the junior Bhikkhu, &c.'

7. At that time there dwelt a single Bhikkhu in a certain district on the day of Pavâraòâ. Now this Bhikkhu thought: 'The Blessed One has prescribed that five Bhikkhus, &c., &c., and I am only one person. Well, how am I to hold Pavâraòâ?'

8. 'In case there dwell, O Bhikkhus, in a certain district on the day of Pavâraòâ, a single Bhikkhu: Let that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, sweep the place which the Bhikkhus use to frequent,—the refectory, or hall, or place at the foot of a tree; let him (then) provide water and food, prepare seats, put a lamp there, and sit down. If other Bhikkhus come, let him hold Pavâraòâ with them; if they do not come, let him fix his mind upon the thought: "To-day is my Pavâraòâ." If he does not fix his mind upon this thought, he commits a dukkaùa offence.

9. 'Now, O Bhikkhus, where five Bhikkhus dwell (together), they must not convey the Pavâraòâ1 of one (to their assembly) and hold Pavâraòâ by four (as) in a (regular) chapter. If they do, they commit a dukkaùa offence.

Nota: 1. See chap. 3, § 3. Compare II, chap. 22, and chap. 26, § 10.

'Now, O Bhikkhus, where four Bhikkhus dwell (together), they must not convey the Pavâraòâ of one (to their assembly) and hold Pavâraòâ with each other by three. If they do, they commit a dukkaùa offence.

'Now, O Bhikkhus, where three Bhikkhus (&c., as in the last clause).

'Now, O Bhikkhus, where two Bhikkhus dwell, one of them must not convey the Pavâraòâ of the other one, and fix (only) his thoughts (upon the Pavâraòâ). If he does, he commits a dukkaùa offence.'




6


1. At that time a certain Bhikkhu was guilty of an offence on the day of Pavâraòâ. Now this Bhikkhu thought: The Blessed One has prescribed: "Pavâraòâ is not to be held by a Bhikkhu who is guilty of an offence1." Now I am guilty of an offence. What am I to do?'

Nota: 1. See chap. 16, i.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, a certain Bhikkhu be guilty of an offence on the day of Pavâraòâ (&c., as in II, 27. i, 2, down to :) "When I shall feel no doubt, then I will atone for that offence." Having spoken thus, let him hold Pavâraòâ. But in no case must there any hindrance arise to holding Pavâraòâ from such a cause.'

2-3. At that time a certain Bhikkhu remembered an offence, while Pavâraòâ was being held (&c., see II, 27. 4-8).




End of the first Bhâòavâra.




7-13


7. i. At that time there assembled in a certain residence (or district) on the day of Pavâraòâ a number of resident Bhikkhus, five or more. They did not know that there were other resident Bhikkhus absent. Intending to act according to Dhamma and Vinaya, thinking themselves to be complete while (really) incomplete, they held Pavâraòâ. While they were holding Pavâraòâ, other resident Bhikkhus, a greater number (than the first ones), arrived.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

2. 'In case there assemble, O Bhikkhus, in a certain residence on the day of Pavâraòâ (&c., as in i, down to) .... they hold Pavâraòâ. While they are holding Pavâraòâ, other resident Bhikkhus, a greater number, arrive. Let (all) those Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, hold Pavâraòâ again; they who have held Pavâraòâ, are free from guilt.

3. 'In case there assemble, &c While they are holding Pavâraòâ, other resident Bhikkhus, exactly the same number (as the first ones), arrive. Those who have held Pavâraòâ, have held it correctly; let the other ones hold Pavâraòâ; they who have held Pavâraòâ, are free from guilt.'

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Nota: 1. The following paragraphs and chapters exactly follow the course indicated by II, 28-35. The alterations to be made are obvious and sufficiently indicated by §§ 1-3; instead of, 'Let tnem proclaim their Pârisuddhi' (II, 28, 4, &c.), read here, 'Let them pronounce their Pavâraòâ'




14


1-3. 'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, hold Pavâraòâ in a seated assembly (of Bhikkhus) before a Bhikkhuni,. .. , (&C.1)

Nota: 1. See II, 36, 1-3.

4. 'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, hold Pavâraòâ by (accepting) the Pavâraòâ declaration of a parivasika2, except if the assembly has not yet risen (at the time when the Pavâraòâ is declared). And let no one, O Bhikkhus, hold Pavâraòâ on another day than the Pavâraòâ day, except for the sake of (preserving) concord among the Saêgha3.'

Nota: 2. Comp. II, 36, 4, with the note.
Nota: 3. See, for instance, the cases in chap. 17. Buddhaghosa's explanation is different; he says: Concord among the Saêgha is to be understood of such cases as that of Kosambî. It is said in the account of the schism of Kosambî that, if concord has been re-established, the reconciled parties hold Uposatha together (X, 5, 14; comp. II, 36, 4); Buddhaghosa apparently extends this to holding Pavâraòâ also.




15


1. At that time a certain residence (of Bhikkhus) in the Kosala country was menaced on the day of Pavâraòâ by savage people. The Bhikkhus were not able to perform Pavâraòâ with the threefold formula.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to perform Pavâraòâ with the twofold formula1.'

Nota: 1. This means apparently that the Bhikkhus were not obliged to pronounce the formula of Pavâraòâ (chap, i, 14) thrice, but twice or once respectively.

The danger from savage people became still more urgent. The Bhikkhus were not able to perform Pavâraòâ with the twofold formula.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to perform Pavâraòâ with the onefold formula1.

Nota: 1. This means apparently that the Bhikkhus were not obliged to pronounce the formula of Pavâraòâ (chap, i, 14) thrice, but twice or once respectively.

The danger from savage people became still more urgent. The Bhikkhus were not able to perform Pavâraòâ with the onefold formula.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I allow, O Bhikkhus, that all the Bhikkhus who have keptVassa together, perform Pavâraòâ (by one common declaration).'

2. At that time in a certain district on the day of Pavâraòâ the greater part of the night had passed away while (lay-) people were offering gifts (to the Bhikkhus). Now the Bhikkhus thought: The greater part of the night has passed away while the people were offering gifts. If the Saêgha performs Pavâraòâ with the threefold formula, it will not have finished the Pavâraòâ when day breaks. Well, what are we to do?'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

3. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, in a certain district on the day of Pavâraòâ the greater part of the night has passed away while people were offering gifts (to the Bhikkhus). Now if those Bhikkhus think: "The greater part (&c., down to :) when day breaks," let a learned, competent Bhikkhu proclaim the following ñatti before the Saêgha: "Let the Saêgha, reverend Sirs, hear me. While people were offering gifts, the greater part of the night has passed away. If the Saêgha performs Pavâraòâ with the threefold formula, it will not have finished the Pavâraòâ when day breaks. If the Saêgha is ready, let the Saêgha hold Pavâraòâ with the twofold formula, or with the onefold formula, or by common declaration of all the Bhikkhus who have kept Vassa together."

4. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, in a certain district on the day of Pavâraòâ the greater part of the night has passed away while the Bhikkhus were in confusion: the Bhikkhus were reciting the Dhamma, those versed in the Suttantas were propounding the Suttantas, those versed in the Vinaya were discussing the Vinaya, the Dhamma preachers were talking about the Dhamma. Now if those Bhikkhus think: "The greater part of the night has passed away while the Bhikkhus were in confusion. If the Saêgha performs Pavâraòâ with the threefold formula, it will not have finished the Pavâraòâ when day breaks," let a learned, competent Bhikkhu proclaim the following ñatti before the Saêgha: "Let the Saêgha, &c. The greater part of the night has passed away while the Bhikkhus were in confusion. If the Saêgha performs Pavâraòâ (&c. as in § 3)."'

5. At that time in a certain district in the Kosala country a great assembly of Bhikkhus had come together on the day of Pavâraòâ, and there was but a small place protected from rain, and a great cloud was in the sky. Now the Bhikkhus thought: 'A great assembly of Bhikkhus has come together here, and there is but a small place protected from rain, and a great cloud is in the sky. If the Saêgha performs Pavâraòâ with the threefold formula, it will not have finished the Pavâraòâ when this cloud will begin to rain. Well, what are we to do?' They told this thing to the Blessed One.

6. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, in a certain district a great assembly of Bhikkhus has come together on the day of Pavâraòâ, and there is but a small place protected from rain, and a great cloud is in the sky. Now if those Bhikkhus think .... (&c., as in § 3 to the end).

7. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, in a certain district on the day of Pavâraòâ danger arises from kings, danger from robbers, danger from fire, danger from water, danger from human beings, danger from non-human beings, danger from beasts of prey, danger from creeping things, danger of life, danger against chastity. Now if those Bhikkhus think: "Here is danger for our chastity. If the Saêgha performs Pavâraòâ with the threefold formula, it will not have finished the Pavâraòâ when this danger for chastity will arise," let a learned, competent Bhikkhu. .. .; (&c., as in § 3 to the end).




16


1. At that time the Khabbaggiya Bhikkhus held Pavâraòâ being guilty of an offence.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, hold Pavâraòâ who is guilty of an offence. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence. I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you ask a Bhikkhu who holds Pavâraòâ being guilty of an offence, for his leave1 and reprove him for that offence.'

Nota: 1. Comp. II, 16, i.

2. At that time the Khabbaggiya Bhikkhus, when asked for leave, were not willing to give leave (to Bhikkhus who were going to reprove them for an offence).

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you inhibit the Pavâraòâ of a Bhikkhu who does not give leave. And you ought to inhibit it, O Bhikkhus, in this way: Let (a Bhikkhu) say on the day of Pavâraòâ, on the fourteenth or on the fifteenth day (of the half month), in presence of that person, before the assembled Saêgha: "Let the Saêgha, reverend Sirs, hear me. Such and such a person is guilty of an offence; I inhibit his Pavâraòâ; Pavâraòâ must not be held in his presence." Thus his Pavâraòâ is inhibited.'

3. At that time the Khabbaggiya Bhikkhus, who thought: Otherwise good Bhikkhus might inhibit our Pavâraòâ/ themselves inhibited beforehand, without object and reason, the Pavâraòâ of pure Bhikkhus who had committed no offence, and they also inhibited the Pavâraòâ of Bhikkhus who had already performed their Pavâraòâ.

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

'Let no one, O Bhikkhus, inhibit, without object and reason, the Pavâraòâ of pure Bhikkhus who have committed no offence. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence. And further, O Bhikkhus, let no one inhibit the Pavâraòâ of Bhikkhus who have already performed their Pavâraòâ. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.

4. 'And thus, O Bhikkhus, (you may discern whether) the Pavâraòâ is (duly) inhibited or not inhibited.

'In what cases is the Pavâraòâ, O Bhikkhus, not inhibited? When Pavâraòâ, O Bhikkhus, is pronounced, declared, and finished with the threefold formula, and if (a Bhikkhu then) inhibits the Pavâraòâ (of another Bhikkhu), the Pavâraòâ is not inhibited. When Pavâraòâ, O Bhikkhus, is pronounced, declared, and finished with the twofold formula, with the onefold formula, by common declaration of all Bhikkhus who have kept Vassa together, and if (a Bhikkhu then) inhibits, .... (&c., as before). In these cases, O Bhikkhus, the Pavâraòâ is not inhibited.

5. 'And in what cases, O Bhikkhus, is the Pavâraòâ inhibited? When Pavâraòâ, O Bhikkhus, is pronounced, declared, but not finished1 with the threefold formula, and if (a Bhikkhu then) inhibits the Pavâraòâ (of another Bhikkhu), the Pavâraòâ is inhibited, .... (&c.2). In these cases, O Bhikkhus, the Pavâraòâ is inhibited.

Nota: 1. Correct in the Pâli text pariyositâya into apariyositâya.
Nota: 2. The paragraph is repeated with the phrases, 'With the twofold formula,' 'with the onefold formula,' and 'by common declaration of all the Bhikkhus who have kept Vassa together,' respectively, instead of 'with the threefold formula.'

6. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, one Bhikkhu, on the day of Pavâraòâ, inhibits the Pavâraòâ of another Bhikkhu: then if the other Bhikkhus know with regard to that (inhibiting) Bhikkhu: "This venerable brother is not of a pure conduct in his deeds, nor in his words, nor as regards his means of livelihood, he is ignorant, unlearned, unable to give explanation when he is questioned," (let them say to him): "Nay, friend, let not quarrel arise, nor strife, nor discord, nor dispute," and having thus put him to silence, let the Saêgha hold Pavâraòâ.

7-9. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, &C,1

Nota: 1. As in § 6. But instead of 'Not of a pure conduct in his deeds, nor in his words, nor as regards his means of livelihood,' read respectively, Of a pure conduct in his deeds, but not in his words, nor as regards his means of livelihood' (§ 7); 'Of a pure conduct in his deeds and in his words, but not with regard to his means of livelihood' (§ 8); 'Of a pure conduct in his deeds and in his words and with regard to his means of livelihood' (§ 9).

10. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, one Bhikkhu on the day of Pavâraòâ inhibits the Pavâraòâ of another Bhikkhu: then if the other Bhikkhus know with regard to that (inhibiting) Bhikkhu: "This venerable brother is of a pure conduct in his deeds and in his words and with regard to his means of livelihood, he is clever, learned, and able to give explanation when he is questioned," let them say to him: "If you inhibit, friend, the Pavâraòâ of this Bhikkhu, on what account do you inhibit it, on account of a moral transgression, or on account of a transgression against the rules of conduct, or on account of heresy?"

11. 'If he replies: "I inhibit it on account of a moral transgression, I inhibit it on account of a transgression against the rules of conduct, I inhibit it on account of heresy," let them say to him: "Well, do you know, Sir, what a moral transgression is, what a transgression against the rules of conduct is, what heresy is?" If he replies, "I know, friends, what a moral transgression is, &c.," let them say to him: "And what is, friend, a moral transgression, &c.?"

12. 'If he replies: "The four pârâgika offences and the thirteen Saêghâdisesa offences are the moral transgressions; thullakkaya offences, pâkittiya offences, pâùidesanîya offences, dukkaùa offences, and wicked language are the transgressions against the rules of conduct; false doctrine and .... doctrine1 are heresy," let them say to him: "If you inhibit, friend, the Pavâraòâ of this Bhikkhu, do you inhibit it on account of what you have seen, or of what you have heard, or of what you suspect?"

Nota: 1. The meaning of antaggâhikâ diùùhi (Sanskrit ântargrahikâ dèishùi? ântagrahikâ dèishùi?) is unknown to us; Buddhaghosa gives no explanation. Perhaps it may mean doctrine partly false and partly correct (eclectic).

13. 'If he replies: "I inhibit it on account of what I have seen, or on account of what I have heard, or on account of what I suspect," let them say to him: "If you inhibit, friend, the Pavâraòâ of this Bhikkhu on account of what you have seen, what have you seen? What is it that you have seen? When have you seen it? Where have you seen it? Have you seen him committing a pârâgika offence? Have you seen him committing a saêghâdisesa offence? Have you seen him committing a thullakkaya offence, a pâkittiya offence, a pâùidesanîya offence, a dukkaùa offence, or making himself guilty of wicked language? And where were you? And where was this Bhikkhu? And what did you do? And what did this Bhikkhu do?"

14. 'If he then replies: "I do not inhibit, friends, the Pavâraòâ of this Bhikkhu on account of what I have seen, but I inhibit it on account of what I have heard," let them say to him: "If you inhibit, friend, the Pavâraòâ of this Bhikkhu on account of what you have heard, what have you heard? What is it that you have heard? When have you heard it? Where have you heard it? Have you heard that he has committed a pârâgika offence, .... (&c., down to) .... or that he has made himself guilty of wicked language? Have you heard it from a Bhikkhu? Have you heard it from a Bhikkhunî? Have you heard it from a sikkhamânâ, from a sâmaòera, from a sâmaòerî, from an upâsaka, from an upasikâ, from kings, from royal officers, from Titthiyas, from Titthiya disciples?"

15. 'If he then replies: "I do not inhibit, friends, the Pavâraòâ of this Bhikkhu on account of what I have heard, but I inhibit it on account of what I suspect," let them say to him: "If you inhibit, friend, the Pavâraòâ of this Bhikkhu on account of what you suspect, what do you suspect? What is it that you suspect? When do you suspect it? Where do you suspect it? Do you suspect that he has committed a pârâgika offence, .... (&c., down to) .... wicked language? Does your suspicion come from what you have heard from a Bhikkhu, .... (&c., down to) .... from Titthiya disciples?"

16. 'If he then replies: "I do not inhibit, friends, the Pavâraòâ of this Bhikkhu on account of what I suspect; I do not know the reason why I inhibit the Pavâraòâ of this Bhikkhu," and if that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who reproves (the other one), being questioned by intelligent fellow Bhikkhus, is not able to convince their minds, you are right in saying that in such case the Bhikkhu who has been reproved is blameless. But if that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who reproves (the other one), being questioned by intelligent fellow Bhikkhus, is able to convince their minds, you are right in saying that in such case the Bhikkhu who has been reproved is blamable.

17. 'If that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who reproves (another one), admits that he has charged him unfoundedly with a pârâgika offence, let the Saêgha enter upon the saêghâdisesa proceedings1 (against the accuser) and then hold Pavâraòâ.

Nota: 1. See the 8th Saêghâdisesa rule.

'If that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who reproves (an other one), admits that he has charged him un foundedly with a saêghâdisesa offence, let the Saêgha treat (the accuser) according to the law2 and then hold Pavâraòâ.

Nota: 2. See the 76th Pâkittiya rule.

'If that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who reproves (another one), admits that he has charged him unfoundedly with a thullakkaya offence, or with a pâkittiya offence, or with a pâùidesanîya offence, or with a dukkaùa offence, or with having used wicked language, let the Saêgha treat (the accuser) according to the law3 and then hold Pavâraòâ.

Nota: 3. According to Buddhaghosa, the Bhikkhu who brings such an unfounded charge against a fellow Bhikkhu, is guilty of a dukkaùa offence.

18. 'If that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who has been reproved, admits that he has committed a pârâgika offence, let the Saêgha expel him and then hold Pavâraòâ.

'If that Bhikkhu, &c., admits that he has committed a saêghâdisesa offence, let the Saêgha enter upon the saêghâdisesa proceedings (against him) and then hold Pavâraòâ.

'If that Bhikkhu, &c., admits that he has com mitted a thullakkaya offence, or a pâkittiya offence, .... (&c., down to) .... wicked language, let the Saêgha treat him according to the law and then hold Pavâraòâ.

19. In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu on the day of Pavâraòâ is guilty of a thullakkaya offence. Some Bhikkhus believe that it is a thullakkaya offence, other Bhikkhus believe that it is a saêghâdisesa offence. In that case, O Bhikkhus, let those Bhikkhus who take it for a thullakkaya offence, take that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, aside, treat him according to the law, go back to the Saêgha, and say: "The offence, friends, which this Bhikkhu has committed, he has atoned for according to the law. If the Saêgha's is ready, let the Saêgha hold Pavâraòâ."

20. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu on the day of Pavâraòâ is guilty of a thullakkaya offence. Some Bhikkhus believe that it is a thullakkaya offence, other Bhikkhus believe that it is a pâkittiya offence. Some Bhikkhus believe that It" is a thullakkaya offence, other Bhikkhus believe that it is a pâùidesanîya offence; a thullakkaya offence; a dukkaùa offence; a thullakkaya offence, an offence by wicked language. In that case (&c., as in § 19, down to the end).

21. 22. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu on the day of Pavâraòâ is guilty of a pâkittiya offence, of a pâùidesanîya offence, of a dukkaùa offence, of an offence by wicked language. Some Bhikkhus believe that it is an offence by wicked language, other Bhikkhus believe that it is a Saêghâdisesa offence, &c. Some Bhikkhus believe that it is an offence by wicked language, other Bhikkhus believe that it is a dukkaùa offence. In that case, O Bhikkhus, let those Bhikkhus who take it for an offence by wicked language, take that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, aside (&c., see § 19).

23. 'If, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu speaks thus before the assembly on the day of Pavâraòâ: "Let the Saêgha, reverend Sirs, hear me. Here this deed is known (to me), but not the (guilty) person. If the Saêgha is ready, let the Saêgha hold Pavâraòâ excluding this deed/ (the Bhikkhus) ought to reply: "The Blessed One, friend, has prescribed that they who hold Pavâraòâ, ought to be pure. If a deed is known, but not the (guilty) person, report it (to us) now."

24. 'If, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu speaks thus before the assembly on the day of Pavâraòâ: "Let the Saêgha, reverend Sirs, hear me. Here a person is known (to me as guilty), but not his deed. If the Saêgha is ready, let the Saêgha hold Pavâraòâ excluding this person," (the Bhikkhus) ought to reply: "The Blessed One, friend, has prescribed that they who hold Pavâraòâ, ought to be complete. If a person is known to you (as guilty), but not his deed, report it (to us) now."

25. 'If, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu speaks thus before the assembly on the day of Pavâraòâ: "Let the Saêgha, reverend Sirs, hear me. Here a deed is known (to me) as well as the (guilty) person. If the Saêgha is ready, let the Saêgha hold Pavâraòâ excluding this deed and this person," (the Bhikkhus) ought to reply: "The Blessed One, friend, has prescribed that they who hold Pavâraòâ, ought to be pure as well as complete. If the deed and the (guilty) person are known to you, report it (to us) now."

26. 'If, O Bhikkhus, a deed becomes known before the Pavâraòâ, and the (guilty) person afterwards (i. e. after the Pavâraòâ), it is right to bring it forward (then)1.

Nota: 1. Because it had not been possible to decide the matter at the Pavâraòâ (Buddhaghosa).

'If, O Bhikkhus, the (guilty) person becomes known before the Pavâraòâ, and his deed afterwards, it is right to bring it forward (then).

'If, O Bhikkhus, the deed as well as the (guilty) person becomes known before the Pavâraòâ, and if (a Bhikkhu) raises up that matter again after the Pavâraòâ, he makes himself guilty of a pâkittiya offence for raising up (a matter that has been settled)2.

Nota: 2. See the 63rd Pâkittiya rule.




17


1. At that time a number of Bhikkhus, companions and friends of each other, entered upon Vassa in a certain district of the Kosala country. In their neighbourhood other Bhikkhus, litigious, contentious, quarrelsome, disputatious persons, who used to raise questions before the Saêgha, entered upon Vassa with the intention of inhibiting, on the Pavâraòâ day, the Pavâraòâ of those Bhikkhus when they should have finished their Vassa residence. Now those Bhikkhus heard: In our neighbourhood other Bhikkhus, &c. Well, what are we to do?'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

2. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a number of Bhikkhus, companions and friends of each other, enter upon Vassa in a certain district. In their neighbourhood other Bhikkhus, .... (&c., § 1). I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that those Bhikkhus hold Uposatha twice or thrice on the fourteenth day (of the half-month)1 in order that they may be able to hold Pavâraòâ before those (other) Bhikkhus. If those litigious, contentious, .... (&c., § 1) Bhikkhus approach that district, let the resident Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, quickly assemble and hold Pavâraòâ; having held Pavâraòâ, let them say to them: "We have held our Pavâraòâ, friends; do you do, Sirs, as you think fit."

Nota: 1. In this way, when the inimical Bhikkhus are arriving about the time of Pavâraòâ, the resident Bhikkhus count the day which is the thirteenth or fourteenth to the other Bhikkhus, as the fifteenth, and thus they are enabled to finish their Pavâraòâ before they can be prevented.

3. 'If those litigious,. . ,. (&c., § 1) Bhikkhus come to that residence unexpectedly, let the resident Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, prepare seats (for them), get water for the washing of their feet, foot-stools, and towels2, then let them go to meet them, take their bowls and their robes, and offer them (water) to drink; having thus looked after those Bhikkhus, let them go outside the boundary and hold Pavâraòâ; having held Pavâraòâ, let them say: "We have held our Pavâraòâ, friends, .do you do, Sirs, as you think fit."

Nota: 2. See I, 6, ii.

4. 'If they succeed in this way, well and good; if they do not succeed, let a learned, competent, resident Bhikkhu proclaim the following ñatti before the resident Bhikkhus: "Let the resident Bhikkhus hear me, Sirs. If you are ready, Sirs, let us now hold Uposatha and recite the Pâtimokkha, and let us hold Pavâraòâ on the next new-moon day." If, O Bhikkhus, the litigious, .... (&c., § 1) Bhikkhus say to those Bhikkhus: "Well, friends, hold Pavâraòâ with us now," let them reply: "You are not masters, friends, of our Pavâraòâ; we will not hold Pavâraòâ now."

5. 'If, O Bhikkhus, those litigious, .... (&c., § 1) Bhikkhus stay there till that new-moon day, let a learned, competent, resident Bhikkhu,. .. .1

Nota: 1. As in § 4, down to the end of the paragraph; instead of, 'On the next new-moon day,' it is to be read here, 'On the next full-moon day.'

6. 'If, O Bhikkhus, those litigious, .... (&c., § 1) Bhikkhus stay there still till that full-moon day, those Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, ought to hold Pavâraòâ all of them, no matter whether they like it or not, on the next full-moon day, on the day of the komudî kâtumâsinî2.

Nota: 2. See the note on III, 14, 11.

7. 'If those Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, hold Pavâraòâ, and a sick Bhikkhu inhibits the Pavâraòâ of a healthy Bhikkhu, let them say (to the inhibiting Bhikkhu): "You are sick, Sir, and the Blessed One has said that a sick person cannot endure being questioned. Wait, friend, until you have recovered; having recovered, you may reprove him, if you like." If they speak to him thus, and he reproves (that Bhikkhu) notwithstanding, he makes himself guilty of the pâkittiya offence of disregard1.

Nota: 1. See the 54th Pâkittiya rule.

8. 'If those Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, hold Pavâraòâ, and a healthy Bhikkhu inhibits the Pavâraòâ of a sick Bhikkhu, let them say (to the inhibiting Bhikkhu): "This Bhikkhu is sick, friend, and the Blessed One has said that a sick person cannot endure being questioned. Wait, friend, until this Bhikkhu has recovered; when he has recovered you may reprove him, if you like." If they speak to him thus, .... (&c., as in § 7).

9. 'If those Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, hold Pavâraòâ, and a sick Bhikkhu inhibits the Pavâraòâ of another sick Bhikkhu, let them say (to the inhibiting Bhikkhu): "You are sick, Sirs, and the Blessed One has said that a sick person cannot endure being questioned. Wait, friend, until you have recovered; when he has recovered2 you may reprove him, if you like." If they speak to him thus, .... (&c., as in § 7).

Nota: 2. Probably we should read in the Pâli text, 'ârogo ârogaê âkaôkhamâno kodessasîti.' Then the translation would be: 'When you have recovered and he has recovered, &c.'

10. 'If those Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, hold Pavâraòâ, and a healthy Bhikkhu inhibits the Pavâraòâ of another healthy Bhikkhu, let the Saêgha question and examine them both and treat them according to the law, and then hold Pavâraòâ.'




18

1. At that time a number of Bhikkhus, companions and friends of each other, entered upon Vassa in a certain district of the Kosala country. These Bhikkhus, living in unity, and concord, and without quarrel, had found a comfortable place to dwell in. Now those Bhikkhus thought: 'Living in unity, &c., we have found a comfortable place to dwell in. If we hold Pavâraòâ now, (other Bhikkhus) might come on a journey, having held their Pavâraòâ, (and might occupy this place); thus we should lose this place which is comfortable to dwell in. Well, what are we to do?'

They told this thing to the Blessed One.

2. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a number of Bhikkhus, companions and friends of each other, have entered upon Vassa in a certain district. These Bhikkhus, .... (&c., § 1).

'If these Bhikkhus think: "Living in unity, .... (&c., § 1, down to:) thus we should lose this place which is comfortable to dwell in," I allow, O Bhikkhus, these Bhikkhus to agree upon pavâraòâsaêgaha1.

Nota: 1. Literally this word means, we believe, 'Keeping back one's own pavâraòâsaêgaha.' Buddhaghosa says: When the decree of pavâraòâsaêgaha has been issued, the Bhikkhus (who have issued it) ought to live as in the rainy season. Incoming Bhikkhus are not allowed to take possession of their places of rest. On the other side, they ought not to interrupt their Vassa residence.'

3. 'And you ought, O Bhikkhus, to agree upon it in this way: Let them all assemble together. When they have assembled, let a learned, competent Bhikkhu proclaim the following ñatti before the Saêgha: "Let the Saêgha, reverend Sirs, hear me. Living in unity, .... (&c., § 1, down to :) thus we should lose this place which is comfortable to dwell in. If the Saêgha is ready, let the Saêgha agree upon pavâraòâsaêgaha; let it now hold Uposatha and recite the Pâtimokkha, and let the Saêgha hold Pavâraòâ on the next komudî kâtumâsinî day. This is the ñatti."

4. '"Let the Saêgha, &C.1"

Nota: 1. Here follows the usual formula of a ñattidutiya kamma as in Book II, chap. 6. Comp. the note on Book I, chap. 28, 3.

5. 'If, O Bhikkhus, after those Bhikkhus have agreed upon pavâraòâsaêgaha, a Bhikkhu should say: "I wish, friends, to go on my travels through the country; I have a business in the country," let them reply to him: "Good, friend, hold Pavâraòâ and go." If that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, when holding Pavâraòâ inhibits the Pavâraòâ of another Bhikkhu, let (that other Bhikkhu) say to him: "You are not master of my Pavâraòâ, friend; I will not hold Pavâraòâ now."

'If, O Bhikkhus, when that Bhikkhu holds Pavâraòâ, another Bhikkhu inhibits his Pavâraòâ, let the Saêgha question and examine them both and treat them according to the law.

6. 'If that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, has finished that business in the country and comes back to that district before the day of komudî kâtumâsinî, and if a Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, when the Bhikkhus hold Pavâraòâ, inhibits the Pavâraòâ of that Bhikkhu (who has been absent), let him say (to the inhibiting Bhikkhu): "You are not master of my Pavâraòâ, friend; I have held my Pavâraòâ."

'If, O Bhikkhus, when the Bhikkhus hold Pavâraòâ, this Bhikkhu inhibits the Pavâraòâ of another Bhikkhu, let the Saêgha question and examine them both and treat them according to the law, and then hold Pavâraòâ.'




End of the Pavâraòâ-Khandhaka





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Vol. XXXII. Vedic Hymns. Translated by F. Max Müller Part I.

Vol. XXXIII. Nârada, and some Minor Law-books. Translated by Julius Jolly. (Preparing)

Vol. XXXIV. The Vedânta-Sûtras, with Äaôkara's Commentary. Translated by G. Thibaut. {Preparing)

The Second Series will consist of Twenty-Four Volumes.





CLARENDON PRESS SERIES





I. ENGLISH, &c.


A First Reading Book. By Marie Eichens of Berlin; and edited by Anne J. Clough. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers, 4d.

Oxford Reading Book, Part I. For Little Children. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers, 6d.

Oxford Reading Book, Part II. For Junior Classes. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers, 6d.

An Elementary English Grammar and Exercise Book. By O. W. Tancock, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.

An English Grammar and Reading Book, for Lower Forms in Classical Schools. By O. W. Tancock, M.A. Fourth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Typical Selections from the best English Writers, with Introductory Notices. Second Edition. In 2 vols. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. each. Vol. I. Latimer to Berkeley. Vol. II. Pope to Macaulay.

Shairp (J. C., LL.D.). Aspects of Poetry; being Lectures delivered at Oxford. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.

A Book for the Beginner in Anglo-Saxon. By John Earle, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

An Anglo-Saxon Reader. In Prose and Verse. With Grammatical Introduction, Notes, and Glossary. By Henry Sweet, M.A. Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Extra fcap. 8vo. 8s. 6d.

A Second Anglo-Saxon Reader. By the same Author. Extra fcap. 8vo. Nearly ready.

An Anglo-Saxon Primer, with Grammar, Notes, and Glossary. By the same Author. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Old English Reading Primers; edited by Henry Sweet, M.A.

  • I. Selected Homilies of Ælfric. Extra fcap. 8vo., stiff covers, 1s. 6d.
  • II. Extracts from Alfred's Orosius. Extra fcap. 8vo., stiff covers, 1s. 6d.

First Middle English Primer, with Grammar and Glossary. By the same Author. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Second Middle English Primer. Extracts from Chaucer, with Grammar and Glossary. By the same Author. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Principles of English Etymology. First Series. By W. W. Skeat, Litt. D. Crown 8vo. Nearly ready.

The Philology of the English Tongue. By J. Earle, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

An Icelandic Primer, with Grammar, Notes, and Glossary. By the same Author. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

An Icelandic Prose Reader, with Notes, Grammar, and Glossary. By G. Vigfússon, M.A., and F. York Powell, M.A. Ext. fcap. 8vo. 10s. 6d.

A Handbook of Phonetics, including a Popular Exposition of the Principles of Spelling Reform. By H. Sweet, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Elementarbuch des Gesprochenen Englisch. Grammatik, Texte und Glossar. Von Henry Sweet. Extra fcap. 8vo., stiff covers, 2s. 6d.

The Ormulum; with the Notes and Glossary of Dr. R. M. White. Edited by R. Holt, M.A. 1878. 2 vols. Extra fcap. 8vo. 21s.

Specimens of Early English. A New and Revised Edition.

  • With Introduction, Notes, and Glossarial Index. By R. Morris, LL D and W. W. Skeat, M.A.
  • Part I. From Old English Homilies to King Horn (A.D. 1150 to A.D. 1300).
    • Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 9s.
  • Part II. From Robert of Gloucester to Gower (A.D. 1298 to A.D. 139}).
    • Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Specimens of English Literature, from the Ploughmans Crede to the Shepheardes Calender (A.D. 1394 to A.D. 1579). With Introduction, Notes, and Glossarial Index. By W. W. Skeat, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

The Vision of William concerning Piers the Plowman, in three Parallel Texts; together with Richard the Reddest. By William Langland (about 1362-1399 A.D.). Edited from numerous Manuscripts, with Preface, Notes, and a Glossary, by W. W. Skeat, Litt.D. 2 vols. 8vo. 31s. 6d.

The Vision of William concerning Piers the Plowman, by William Langland. Edited, with Notes, by W. W. Skeat, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 45. 6d.

Chaucer. I. The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales; the Knightes Tale; The Nonne Prestes Tale. Edited by R. Morris, Editor of Specimens of Early English, &c., &c. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

  • —II. The Prioresses Tale; Sir Thopas; The Monkes Tale; The Clerkes Tale; The Squieres Tale, &c. Edited by W. W. Skeat, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
  • —III. The Tale of the Man of Lawe; The Pardoneres Tale; The Second Nonnes Tale; The Chanouns Yemannes Tale. By the same Editor. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Gamelyn, The Tale of. Edited with Notes, Glossary, &c., by W. W. Skeat, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. Stiff covers, 1s. 6d.

Minot (Laurence]. Poems. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Joseph Hall, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. Nearly ready.

Spenser's Faery Queene. Books I and II. Designed chiefly for the use of Schools. With Introduction, Notes, and Glossary. By G. W. Kitchin, D.D. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. each.

Hooker. Ecclesiastical Polity, Book I. Edited by R. W. Church, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA.

The Pilgrimage to Parnassus with The Two Parts of the Return from Parnassus. Three Comedies performed in St. John's College, Cambridge, A.D. MDXCVII-MDCI. Edited from MSS. by the Rev. W. D. Macray, M.A., F.S.A. Medium 8vo. Bevelled Boards, Gilt top, 8s. 6d.

Marlowe and Greene. Marlowe's Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, and Greene's Honourable History of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. Edited by A. W. Ward, M.A. New and Enlarged Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s.

Marlowe. Edward II. With Introduction, Notes, &c. By O. W. Tancock, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

SHAKESPEARE.

Shakespeare. Select Plays. Edited by W. G. Clark, M.A., and W. Aldis Wright, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers.

  • The Merchant of Venice, 1s. Macbeth, 1s. 6d.
  • Richard the Second, 1s. 6d. Hamlet. 2s.

Edited by W. Aldis Wright, M.A.

  • The Tempest, 1s. 6d.
  • Midsummer Night's Dream, 1s. 6d.
  • As You Like It. 1s. 6d.
  • Coriolanus. 2s. 6d.
  • Julius Caesar. 2s.
  • Henry the Fifth, 2s.
  • Richard the Third. 2s. 6d.
  • Twelfth Night, 1s. 6d.
  • King Lear. 1s. 6d.
  • King John. 1s. 6d.

Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist; a popular Illustration of the Principles of Scientific Criticism. By R. G. Moulton, M.A. Crown 8vo. 5s.

Bacon. I. Advancement of Learning. Edited by W. Aldis Wright, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

  • —II. The Essays. With Introduction and Notes. By S. H. Reynolds, M.A., late Fellow of Brasenose College. In Preparation.

Milton. I. Areopagitica. With Introduction and Notes. By John W. Hales, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

  • —II. Poems. Edited by R. C. Browne, M.A. 2 vols. Fifth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s. 6d. Sold separately, Vol. 1. 4s.; Vol. II. 3s.

In paper covers:

  • Lycidas, 3d.
  • L'Allegro, 3d.
  • II Penseroso, 4d.
  • Comus, 6d.
  • Samson Agonistes, 6d.

  • —III. Samson Agonistes. Edited with Introduction and Notes by John Churton Collins. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers, 1s.

Bunyan. I. The Pilgrim's Progress, Grace Abounding, Relation of the Imprisonment of Mr. John Bunyan. Edited, with Biographical Introduction and Notes, by E. Venables, M.A. 1879. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s. In ornamental Parchment, 6s.

  • —II. Holy War, &c. Edited by E. Venables, M.A. In the Press.

Clarendon. History of the Rebellion. Book VI. Edited by T. Arnold, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Dryden. Select Poems. Stanzas on the Death of Oliver Cromwell; Astræa Redux; Annus Mirabilis; Absalom and Achitophel; Religio Laici; The Hind and the Panther. Edited by W. D. Christie, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Locke's Conduct of the Understanding. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, &c., by T. Fowler, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Addison. Selections from Papers in the Spectator. With Notes. By T. Arnold, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d. In ornamental Parchment, 6s.

Steele. Selections from the Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian. Edited by Austin Dobson. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d,. In white Parchment, 7s. 6d.

Pope. With Introduction and Notes. By Mark Pattison, B.D.

  • —I. Essay on Man. Extra fcap. 8vo. is. 6d.
  • —II. Satires and Epistles. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Parnell. The Hermit. Paper covers, 2d.

Gray. Selected Poems. Edited by Edmund Gosse. Extra fcap. 8vo. Stiff covers, 1s. 6d. In white Parchment, 3s.

  • —Elegy and Ode on Eton College. Paper covers, 2d.

Goldsmith. The Deserted Village. Paper covers, 2d.

Johnson. I. Rasselas; Lives of Dryden and Pope. Edited by Alfred Milnes, M.A. (London). Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d., or Lives of Dryden and Pope only, stiff covers, 2s. 6d.

  • —II. Vanity of Human Wishes. With Notes) by E. J. Payne, M.A. Paper covers, 4d.

Boswell's Life of Johnson. With the Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides. Edited, with copious Notes, Appendices, and Index, by G. Birkbeck Hill, D.C.L., Pembroke College. With Portraits and Facsimiles. 6 vols. Medium 8vo. Nearly ready.

Cowper. Edited, with Life, Introductions, and Notes, by H. T. Griffith, B.A.

  • —I. The Didactic Poems of 1782, with Selections from the Minor Pieces, A.D. 1779-1783. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.
  • —II. The Task., with Tirocinium, and Selections from the Minor Poems, A.D. 1784-1799. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

Burke. Select Works. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by E. J. Payne, M.A.

  • —I. Thoughts on the Present Discontents; the two Speeches on America. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
  • —II. Reflections on the French Revolution. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s.
  • —III. Four Letters on the Proposals for Peace with the Regicide Directory of France. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s.

Keats. Hyperion, Book I. With Notes by W. T. Arnold, B.A. Paper covers, 4d.

Byron. Childe Harold. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by H. F. Tozer, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. In white Parchment, 5s.

Scott. Lay of the Last Minstrel. Edited with Preface and Notes by VV. Minto, M.A. With Map. Extra fcap. 8vo. Stiff covers, 2s. Ornamental Parchment, 3s. 6d.

  • Lay of the Last Minstrel. Introduction and Canto I., with Preface and Notes; by the same Editor. 6d.


II. LATIN.


Rudimenta Latina. Comprising Accidence, and Exercises of a very Elementary Character, for the use of Beginners. By John Barrow Allen, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

An Elementary Latin Grammar. By the same Author. Forty-second Thousand. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

A First Latin Exercise Book. By the same Author. Fourth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

A Second Latin Exercise Book. By the same Author. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Reddenda Minora, or Easy Passages, Latin and Greek, for Unseen Translation. For the use of Lower Forms. Composed and selected by C. S. Jerram, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.

Anglice Reddenda, or Easy Extracts, Latin and Greek, for Unseen Translation. By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.6d.

Anglice Reddenda. Second Series. By the same Author. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. Just Published.

Passages for Translation into Latin. For the use of Passmen and others. Selected by J. Y. Sargent, M.A. Fifth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Exercises in Latin Prose Composition; with Introduction, Notes and Passages of Graduated Difficulty for Translation into Latin. By G. G. Ramsay, M.A., LL.D. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Hints and Helps for Latin Elegiacs, By H. Lee- Warner, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

First Latin Reader. By T. J. Nunns, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Caesar. The Commentaries (for Schools). With Notes and Maps. By Charles E. Moberly, M.A.

  • Part I. The Gallic War. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
  • Part II. The Civil War. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
  • The Civil War. Book I. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Cicero. Speeches against Catilina. By E. A. Upcott, M.A., Assistant Master in Wellington College. In the Press.

Cicero. Selection of interesting and descriptive passages. With Notes. By Henry Walford, M.A. In three Parts. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Each Part separately, limp, is. 6d.

  • Part I. Anecdotes from Grecian and Roman History. Third Edition.
  • Part II. Omens and Dreams: Beauties of Nature. Third Edition.
  • Part III. Rome's Rule of her Provinces. Third Edition.

Cicero. De Senectute. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by L. Huxley, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Or separately, Text and Introduction, is. Notes is.

Cicero. Selected Letters (for Schools). With Notes. By the late C. E. Prichard, M.A., and E. R. Bernard, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

Cicero. Select Orations (for Schools). In Verrem I. De Imperio Gn. Pompeii. Pro Archia. Philippica IX. With Introduction and Notes by J. R. King, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Cornelius Nepos. With Notes. By Oscar Browning, M.A, Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Horace. Selected Odes. With Notes for the use of a Fifth Form. By E. C. Wickham, M.A. In two Parts. Extra fcap. 8vo. cloth, 2s.

Or separately, Part I. Text, 1s. Part II. Notes, 1s.

Livy. Selections (for Schools). With Notes and Maps. By H. Lee-Warner, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. In Parts, limp, each 1s. 6d.

  • Part I. The Caudine Disaster.
  • Part II. Hannibal's Campaign in Italy.
  • Part III. The Macedonian War.
Livy. Books V-VII. With Introduction and Notes. By A. R. Cluer, B.A. Second Edition. Revised by P. E. Matheson, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. (In one or two vols.) 5s.
Livy. Books XXI, XXII, and XXIII. With Introduction and Notes. By M. T. Tatham, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
Ovid. Selections for the use of Schools. With Introductions and Notes, and an Appendix on the Roman Calendar. By W. Ramsay, M. A. Edited by G. G. Ramsay, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s. 6d.
Ovid. Tristia. Book I. The Text revised, with an Intro duction and Notes. By S. G. Owen, B.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
Plautus. Captivi. Edited by W. M. Lindsay, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. In the Press.
Plautus. The Trinummus. With Notes and Introductions. Intended for the Higher Forms of Public Schools. By C. E. Freeman, M.A., and A. Sloman, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.
Pliny. Selected Letters (for Schools). With Notes. By the late C. E. Prichard, M.A., and E. R. Bernard, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.
Sallust. With Introduction and Notes. By W. W. Capes, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
Tacitus. The Annals. Books I-IV. Edited, with Introduction and Notes for the use of Schools and Junior Students, by H. Furneaux. M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s.
Terence. Andria. With Notes and Introductions. By C. E. Freeman, M.A., and A. Sloman, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.
  • Adelphi. With Notes and Introductions. Intended for the Higher Forms of Public Schools. By A. Sloman, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.
Tibullus and Propertius. Selections. Edited by G. G. Ramsay, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. (In one or two vols.) 6s. Just Published.
Virgil. With Introduction and Notes. By T. L. Papillon, M.A. Two vols. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d. The Text separately, 4s. 6d.
Virgil. The Eclogues. Edited by C. S. Jerram, M.A. In two Parts. Crown 8vo. Nearly ready.

Catulli Veronensis Liber. Iterum recognovit, apparatum criticum prolegomena appendices addidit, Robinson Ellis, A.M. 1878. Demy 8vo. 16s.
  • A Commentary on Catullus. By Robinson Ellis, M.A. 1876. Demy 8vo. 16s.
Catulli Veronensis Carmina Selecta, secundum recognitionem Robinson Ellis, A.M. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
Cicero de Oratore. With Introduction and Notes. By A. S. Wilkins, M.A.
Book I. 1879. 8vo. 6s. Book II. 1881. 8vo. 5s.
  • Philippic Orations. With Notes. By J. R. King, M.A. Second Edition. 1879. 8vo. 10s. 6d.
Cicero. Select Letters. With English Introductions, Notes, and Appendices. By Albert Watson, M. A. Third Edition. Demy 8vo. 18s.
  • Select Letters. Text. By the same Editor. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s.
  • pro Cluentio. With Introduction and Notes. By W. Ramsay, M. A. Edited by G. G. Ramsay, M.A. 2nd Ed. Ext. fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
Horace. With a Commentary. Volume I. The Odes, Carmen Seculare, and Epodes. By Edward C. Wickham, M.A. Second Edition. 1877. Demy 8vo. 12s.
  • —A reprint of the above, in a size suitable for the use of Schools. Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s. (May also be had in two parts.)
Livy, Book I. With Introduction, Historical Examination, and Notes. By J. R. Seeley, M.A. Second Edition. 1881. 8vo. 6s.
Ovid. P. Ovidii Nasonis Ibis. Ex Novis Codicibus edidit, Scholia Vetera Commentarium cum Prolegomenis Appendice Indice addidit, R. Ellis, A.M. 8vo. 10s. 6d.
Persius. The Satires. With a Translation and Commentary. By John Conington, M.A. Edited by Henry Nettleship, M.A. Second Edition. 1874. 8vo. 7s. 6d.
Juvenal XIII Satires. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by C. H. Pearson, M.A., and Herbert A. Strong, M.A., LL.D., Professor of Latin in Liverpool University College, Victoria University. In two Parts. Crown 8vo. Complete, 6s. Just Published. Also separately, Part I. Introduction, Text, etc., 3s - Part II. Notes, 3s. 6d.
Tacitus. The Annals. Books I- VI. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by H. Furneaux, M.A. 8vo. 18s.

Nettleship (H., M.A.). Lectures and Essays on Subjects connected with Latin Scholarship and Literature. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.
  • The Roman Satura: its original form in connection with its literary development. 8vo. sewed, 1s.
  • Ancient Lives of Vergil. With an Essay on the Poems of Vergil, in connection with his Life and Times. 8vo. sewed, 2s.
Papillon (T. L., M.A.}. A Manual of Comparative Philology. Third Edition, Revised and Corrected. 1882. Crown 8vo. 6s.
Pinder (North, M.A.}. Selections from the less known Latin Poets. 1869. 8vo. 15s.
Sellar ( W. Y., M.A.}. Roman Poets of the Augustan Age. VIRGIL. New Edition. 1883. Crown 8vo. 9s.
  • Roman Poets of the Republic. New Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 1881. 8vo. 14s.
Wordsworth (J., M.A.}. Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin. With Introductions and Notes. 1874. 8vo. 18s.

III. GREEK
A Greek Primer, for the use of beginners in that Language. By the Right Rev. Charles Wordsworth, D.C.L. Seventh Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.
Easy Greek Reader. By Evelyn Abbott, M.A. In two Parts. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.
The Text and Notes may be had separately, 1s. 6d. each.
Graecae Grammaticae Rudimenta in usum Scholarum. Auc tore Carolo Wordsworth, D.C.L. Nineteenth Edition, 1882. 12mo. 4s.
A Greek-English Lexicon, abridged from Liddell and Scott's 4to. edition, chiefly for the use of Schools. Twenty-first Edition. 1884. Square 12mo. 7s. 6d.
Greek Verbs, Irregular and Defective; their forms, meaning, and quantity; embracing all the Tenses used by Greek writers, with references to the passages in which they are found. By W. Veitch. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.
The Elements of Greek Accentuation (for Schools): abridged from his larger work by H. W. Chandler, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.
A SERIES OF GRADUATED GREEK READERS:
First Greek Reader. By W. G. Rushbrooke, M.L. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
Second Greek Reader. By A. M. Bell, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
Fourth Greek Reader; being Specimens of Greek Dialects. With Introductions, etc. By W. W. Merry, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
Fifth Greek Reader. Selections from Greek Epic and Dramatic Poetry, with Introductions and Notes. By Evelyn Abbott, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
The Golden Treasury of Ancient Greek Poetry: being a Collection of the finest passages in the Greek Classic Poets, with Introductory Notices and Notes. By R. S. Wright. M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 8s. 6d.
A Golden Treasury of Greek Prose, being a Collection of the finest passages in the principal Greek Prose Writers, with Introductory Notices and Notes. By R. S. Wright, M.A., and J. E. L. Shadwell, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
Aeschylus. Prometheus Bound (for Schools). With Introduc tion and Notes, by A. O. Prickard, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.
  • Agamemnon. With Introduction and Notes, by Arthur Sidgwick, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.
  • Choephoroi. With Introduction and Notes by the same Editor. Extra fcap. 8vo.
Aristophanes. In Single Plays. Edited, with English Notes, Introductions, &c., by W. W. Merry, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo.
  • I. The Clouds, Second Edition, 2s.
  • II. The Acharnians, 2s.
  • III. The Frogs, 2s.
Cebes. Tabula. With Introduction and Notes. By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
Demosthenes. Olynthiacs and Philippics. Edited by Evelyn Abbott, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. In two Parts. In the Press.
Euripides. Alcestis (for Schools). By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
  • Helena. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, etc.. for Upper and Middle Forms. By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.
  • Iphigenia in Tauris. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, etc., for Upper and Middle Forms. By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. cloth, 3s.
  • Medea. By C. B. Heberden, M.A. In two Parts. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.
Or separately,
  • Part I. Introduction and Text, 1s-.
  • Part II. Notes and Appendices, 1s.
Herodotus, Selections from. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and a Map, by W. W. Merry, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
Homer. Odyssey, Books I-XII (for Schools). By W. W. Merry, M.A. Twenty-seventh Thousand. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.
Book II, separately, 1s. 6d.
  • Odyssey, Books XIII-XXIV (for Schools). By the same Editor. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s.
  • Iliad, Book I (for Schools). By D. B. Monro, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.
  • Iliad, Books I-XII (for Schools). With an Introduction, a brief Homeric Grammar, and Notes. By D. B. Monro, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s.
  • Iliad, Books VI and XXI. With Introduction and Notes. By Herbert Hailstone, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. is. 6d. each.
Lucian. Vera Historia (for Schools). By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.
Plato. Selections from the Dialogues [including the whole of the Apology and Crito}. With Introduction and Notes by John Purves, M.A., and a Preface by the Rev. B. Jowett, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s. 6d.
Sophocles. For the use of Schools. Edited with Intro ductions and English Notes By Lewis Campbell, M.A., and Evelyn Abbott, M.A. New and Revised Edition. 2 Vols. Extra fcap. 8vo. 10s. 6d. Sold separately, Vol. I, Text, 4s. 6d.; Vol. II, Explanatory Notes, 6s.
Sophocles. In Single Plays, with English Notes, &c. By Lewis Campbell, M.A., and Evelyn Abbott, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. limp.
  • Oedipus Tyrannus, Philoctetes. New and Revised Edition, 2s. each.
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    • Abhayûvara: Abhayûvara means, secure from anything. This refers to the expression used in chap. 42, § 2. of Vinaya Texts.
    • Abhidhânappadipikâ
    • abhihaùùhuê
    • Abhihaùuê pavâreyyâ ti yâvatakaê ikkhasi tâvatakaê ganhâhiti
    • abhiharitvâ
    • abhihaùuê
    • abhihaùùhuê
    • abhihaùuê
    • abhîkshòam ('repeatedly')
    • abhisaêkhâra
    • addhâna
    • addhayogas
    • Adhikaraòa-samathas
    • adhisîla: According to Buddhaghosa, moral transgression (adhisîla) is said with regard to offences against the pârâgika and saêghâdisesa rules, while transgressions in conduct(agghâkâra) consist in offences against the minor rules of the Pâtimokkha. Buddhaghosa's explanation is confirmed by the Mahâvagga IV, 16, 12.
    • âdibrahmakariya-sîla
    • Agapâla, banyan tree
    • agghâkâra: transgressions in conduct consist in offences against the minor rules of the Pâtimokkha.
    • aggibhâganâni
    • ahivâtakaroga: Buddhaghosa explains ahivâtakaroga by mâribyâdhi, and says: When this plague befalls a house, men and beasts in that house die; but he who breaks through wall or roof, or is "rogâ mâdigato(?)," may be saved.
    • âhundarikâ
    • Âkariya: Los deberes de un âkariya hacia su antevâsika, y de un antevâsika hacia su âkariya, se encuentran indicados en los chaps. 32, 33 (=Kullavagga VIII, 13, 14), son exactamente los mismos como aquellos de uno hacia su saddhivihârika y viceversa (chaps. 25, 26 = Kullavagga VIII, n, 12).
    • âkârya
    • akimbo
    • Akkâyika
    • akkâyika-kîvaraê
    • akkeka-kîvaraê
    • Âlâra Kâlâma
    • Amûlha-vinaya
    • anakkhariya
    • Ânanda
    • Anâtha Piòàika: There, at Sâvatthi, the Blessed One dwelt in the Getavana, the garden of Anâthapiòàika.
    • Anâthapiòàika: There the Blessed One dwelt at Sâvatthi, in the Getavana, the Ârâma of Anâthapiòàika.
    • anatikkantâ
    • anâvila-saêkappa: Tener objetivos puros, una de las diez ariyavâsas según el Buddhaghosa
    • aôgula: Buddhaghosa prescribes to leave an interstice of one hattha, and he adds that the ancient Sinhalese commentaries differ as to the measure required for this interstice: the Kurundî requires one vidatthi, the Mahâpakkarî four aôgula.
    • aniggata-ratanake
    • anîhata-ratanake
    • anikkhantâ
    • Aniyatâ Dhammâ
    • aniyatâ dhammâ: Having been recited, the two aniyatâ dhammâ
    • Âôgirasa: tribe
    • Aôguttara Nikâya
    • aññâtakassa
    • Aññatitthiyas
    • Anotatta: lago
    • antaggâhikâ diùùhi
    • Antaragharaê paviùùhâ
    • Antaraghare
    • antimavatthu: Most probably antimavatthu refers to the pârâgika offences which require excommunication.
    • anuakkhariya
    • Anupadaggeyya
    • anupakhagga
    • Anupasampannaê padaso dhammaê vâkeyya
    • Anurâdhapura
    • Aññâtakoòàañña
    • Apadâna
    • Apadisitabbo
    • apakkuddhârakaê
    • apanîta
    • apariyositâya
    • âpattiyâ adassane
    • âpattiyâ appaùikamme
    • arahâ
    • Arahats: los seis (personas que han alcanzado la absoluta santidad) en el mundo.
    • ârâma
    • ârâmika
    • ariyasakka
    • ariyavâsas: The ten
    • Âsâlha: There are two periods, O Bhikkhus, for entering upon Vassa, the earlier and the later. The earlier time for entering (upon Vassa) is the day after the full moon of Âsâlha (June-July); the later, a month after the full moon of Âsâlha. These, O Bhikkhus, are the two periods for entering upon Vassa
    • âsâpenti
    • Âsavas
    • asekhâ dhammâ
    • asekhehi dhammehi
    • Âshâàha: the full moon day of Âshâàha or on the full moon day of the following month, Ärâvaòa
    • ashùakâ: festivals
    • Assagi
    • assâsapassâsâ
    • Aùani
    • atireka-kîvara
    • âtmanep
    • Attakâmapârikariyâ
    • aùùhâra mahâvihârâ: There were eighteen (?the MS. reads: aùùhâra mahâvihârâ) great Vihâras around Râgagaha included by the same boundary which Buddha himself had consecrated.
    • Atthavaòòanâ
    • atthikehi upaññâtaê maggaê
    • avanîta
    • âvasatha
    • âvasatha-piòdo
    • Avidyâ (Ignorance)
    • aviggâ (Ignorance)
    • Âvikatâ hi 'ssa phâsu hoti (for if it has been confessed, it is treated duly): duly for what purpose? In the due way for the attainment of the first Ghâna (and so on, as in § 7, down to :) of (all) good qualities.
    • Âvikâtabbâ: (it is to be confessed); it is .to be confessed before the Saêgha, or before a small chapter, or before one person.
    • Âyasmanto: this word 'âyasmanto' is an expression of friendliness, an expression of respect, an appellation that infers respectfulness and reverence.

    B


    • Bauddhas
    • Bhaddiya: el Venerable, el Santo
    • Bhâòavâras
    • Bhava: individuality
    • bhikkhugatika: Buddhaghosa: bhikkhugatika is a person that dwells in the same Vihâra with the Bhikkhus.
    • Bhikkhu-pâtimokkha
    • Bhikkhus: The names of the five Bhikkhus were, Koòdañña, Vappa, Bhaddiya, Mahânâma, Assagi
    • Bhikkhunî
    • Bhikkhunî's
    • Bhikkhunî-pâtimokkha
    • bhikkhunîdûsaka
    • Bhikkhunîkhandhaka
    • Bhikkhunîsaêgha
    • Bhikkhusaêgha
    • Bhikkhunovâda
    • bhiêsapeyya
    • Bodhi tree
    • bhummâ devâ
    • Bhûtagâma
    • Bhuttasmiê pâkittiya
    • Brahmâ Sahampati
    • Brahman svayambhû
    • brahmakâyika devas
    • Brâhmaòa
    • Buddha-vaêsa
    • Buddhaghosa
    • Buddhist Suttas

    CH


    • Chaukundi

    D


    • dadyâma
    • Daggâma
    • Dakkhiòâgiri
    • dantakaùùha
    • Dantapoòa
    • dasabhi k'ûpeto
    • dasadhammavidû
    • dasakammapathavidû
    • Devadatta
    • devalokas
    • Devanampiya King of Magâdha
    • dhammâ hetuppabhavâ
    • Dhamma Texts
    • Dhammapada
    • Dhammas
    • Dhataraùùha: uno de los cuatro dioses que guardan las cuatro direcciones del mundo (Dhataraùùha, Virûlìaka, Virûpakkha, Vessavaòa or Kuvera)
    • Digambaras
    • Dîpavaêsa
    • Dîpavaêsa
    • Diùùhi: delusion
    • diùùhamaôgalika
    • dubbhâsita: offences: The five classes of offences are, the pârâgika, saêghâdisesa, pâkittiya, pâùidesaniya, dukkaùa offences; the seven classes, the pârâgika, saêghâdisesa, thullakkaya, pâkittiya, pâùidesaniya, dukkaùa, dubbhâsita offences. See, for instance, Kullavagga IX, 3, 3.
    • Dukkaùa
    • dvangula
    • dvâra-kosa
    • dvâra-okâsa
    • dvittikkhadanassa

    E


    • Ehi bhikkhu
    • ehi-bhikkhu-upasampadâ
    • ekârakkha: Siendo guardado en una cosa, una de las diez ariyavâsas según el Buddhaghosa
    • Ekuddeso
    • Evarûpâ parisâ: (an assembly like this): this refers to the assembly of Bhikkhus.

    G


    • Gagga
    • Gahapati
    • Gaina sects
    • gâma
    • gambhîre
    • gambu: tree
    • Gambudîpa (the Gambu Island, or India)
    • gamikâbhisaêkhâra
    • gaòamaggena gaòetuê
    • gantâghara
    • Garu-dhammâ
    • Gâtaka
    • Gâtaka Atthav.
    • Gâtaka Atthavaòòanâ
    • gâtarûparagata
    • Gaùilas: Los tres Gaùilas principales son, Uruvelâ Kassapa, Nadî Kassapa Gayâ Kassapa. De estos el Gaùilas Uruvelâ Kassapa es el jefe, el lider, el principal, el primero, y más elevado entre los quinientos Gaùilas; el Nadi Kassapa es el jefe .... (&c., down to highest over) de los trecientos Gaùilas, y el Gayâ Kassapa es el jefe .... (&c., down to highest over) de los docientos Gaùilas.
    • Gaùila Uruvelâ Kassapa
    • Gaudama
    • Gavampati
    • Gayâ Kassapa
    • Gayâsîsa: De acuerdo al General Cunningham, ('la cabeza de Gayâ') es la montaña de Brahmâyoni cerca de Gayâ Arch. Rep. III, 107.
    • Getavana
    • Gigghakûùa mountain ('the Vulture's Peak')
    • Ginakaritra
    • Ginas
    • Giribbaga
    • Gîvaka: was physician to king Bimbisâra, and one of the chief partisans of Buddha at the court of Râgagaha. See VIII, i, the introduction of the Sâmaññaphala Sutta, &c.
    • Gîvaka Komârabhakka
    • Gotama
    • guhotayas: Sacrificio Védico, los Vedas distinguen entre grandes y pequeños sacrificios (yagatayas y guhotayas

    H


    • Hammiya: Hammiya es un Pâsâda, which has an upper chamber placed on the topmost storey. Guhâ is a hut made of bricks, or in a rock, or of wood.
    • hâsa-dhamme
    • hattha-vikârena
    • hattha-vilaôghakena
    • Huhuôkagâtiko

    I


    • iddhâbhisaêkhâra
    • Iddhi
    • idhagata
    • ihagaya
    • Indakhîla
    • isipabbaggâm pabbaggâti
    • Isipatana
    • Itivuttaka

    K


    • Kaitrî pauròamâsî: The Brâhmaòa texts begin the year with the full moon day of the (uttarâ) Phâlgunî; the Sûtras mention, besides the Phâlgunî, another new-year's day, the Kaitrî pauròamâsî, which falls one month later. It was in connection with this dislocation of the beginning of the year that the annual festivals could be postponed accordingly. See Weber, Die vedischen Nachrichten von den Naxatra, II, p. 329 seq.
    • Kakudha: tree
    • Kalandaka: About the name of Kalandakanivâpa (seeds of Kalandaka? feeding ground for squirrels?), see the story related in Beal, Romantic Legend, &c., p. 315, where this place is said to be the gift of a merchant named Kalandaka. A dif ferent account is given by Spence Hardy, Manual, p. 194.
    • Kalandakanivâpa: At that time the Blessed One dwelt at Râgagaha, in the Veluvana, in the Kalandakanivâpa
    • kâlasâmaê vâ
    • Kamâ: Sensuality
    • Kamma
    • kammâra is said of a silversmith
    • kammârabhaòàu
    • Kammavâkas
    • Kaôkhâ Vitaraòî
    • Kappas: La Edades del Mundo, (world-ages)
    • Kapu-kapu
    • kara pi re
    • kara api re
    • kara pare
    • kârshâpaòas
    • Kassapa
    • Kathina
    • Kathinassa ubbâdra
    • Kattika-temâsa
    • Kattika-temâsi-puòòamâ
    • Katukka-Nipâta
    • Kâtumâsinî
    • Kathinuddhâra
    • Kattika: Kattika, which is frequently called Kaumuda
    • kâtumahârâgika devas: devas (gods belonging to the world of the four divine mahârâgas)
    • katurâpassena: Observando cuatro cosas, una de las diez ariyavâsas según el Buddhaghosa
    • Kaumuda: Kattika, which is frequently called Kaumuda
    • kâyasaêkhâra
    • ketâpetvâ
    • Khabbaggiya Bhikkhus
    • khabbaggiyo
    • khalaôga: Las seis buenas cualidades, una de las diez ariyavâsas según el Buddhaghosa
    • khalaôga
    • kammavâkâ
    • Khandhaka: texts
    • khandhas
    • khârikâga
    • Khattiya
    • khakkhattuparamaê
    • Khandhakas
    • khandhakavatta
    • kilesa: (evil passion)
    • kittasaêkhâra
    • kîvara
    • kîvaraê nitthitaê
    • kîvaraparihâra
    • Kodanâvatthu: Lugar Sagrado de Peregrinación.
    • kodayamâno
    • kodha
    • Kolita and Upatissa: Dos púpilos, alumnos de Sâriputta y Moggallâna
    • komudî kâtumâsini: The komudî kâtumâsini is the full moon day in the month Kattika, which is frequently called Kaumuda in the Epic literature; the epithet kâtumâsini refers to the Vedic Kâturmâsya festival, which falls upon that day (Kâtyâyana, Ärautasûtra V, 6, i).
    • Koòdañña
    • Kosambî
    • Khuddânukhuddakehi
    • kulupikâ bhikkhunî
    • Kullavagga
    • Kumârakassapa: At that time the venerable Kumârakassapa had received the upasampadâ ordination when he had completed the twentieth year from his conception (but not from his birth). Now the venerable Kuma rakassapa thought: The Blessed One has forbidden us to confer the upasampadâ ordination on persons under twenty years of age1, and I have completed my twentieth year (only) from my conception. Have I, therefore, received the upasampadâ ordination, or have I not received it?'
    • Kurundî: Buddhaghosa prescribes to leave an interstice of one hattha, and he adds that the ancient Sinhalese commentaries differ as to the measure required for this interstice: the Kurundî requires one vidatthi, the Mahâpakkarî four aôgula.

    L


    • lakkhaòa
    • Lalita Vistara
    • Laùùhivana: Laùùhivana (Sansk. yashùivana), literally, 'stick forest,' means a forest consisting of bambus.
    • Lohitaka

    M


    • Maddakukkhi: At that time the reverend Mahâ Kappina dwelt near Râgagaha, in the deer park of Maddakukkhi
    • Magâdha
    • Magadha Brâhmaòas
    • Magâdhaê samghaê
    • Magâdhe
    • Magâdheê
    • Mâgadhî
    • Magghima-Nikâya
    • Magghima-Sîla
    • Mahâ Kappina: At that time the reverend Mahâ Kappina dwelt near Râgagaha, in the deer park of Maddakukkhi
    • Mahâ Kassapa
    • Mahâ-padhâna Sutta
    • Mahâpagâpatî: Nanda was a son of Mahâpagâpatî, a half-brother of the Buddha. See the story of his conversion in Rh. D.'s Buddhist Birth Stories, p. 128 (later and fuller accounts can be seen in Hardy, Manual, p. 204 seq.; Beal, Romantic Legend, p. 369 seq.)
    • Mahâpakkarî: Buddhaghosa prescribes to leave an interstice of one hattha, and he adds that the ancient Sinhalese commentaries differ as to the measure required for this interstice: the Kurundî requires one vidatthi, the Mahâpakkarî four aôgula.
    • Mahaparinibbana Sutta
    • Mahâparinibbâna Sutta
    • Mahâ-parinibbâna
    • Maha-parinibbana Sutta
    • Mahâparinibbâna Sutta
    • mahâpurisa
    • Mahârâgas o Mahârâjas
    • Mahâ-seùùhi
    • Mahâ-Sila
    • Mahâ-sudassana Sutta
    • Mahâvagga / Mahavagga
    • Mahâvaêsa
    • Mahâvihâra
    • makkha
    • Manaê vulho ahosi: Buddhaghosa: îsakaê appattavulhabhâvo ahosi. Manaê is evidently the equivalent of Sanskrit manâk.
    • Manasikaroma: (we fix our minds on it): we listen to it with concentrated, not perplexed, not confused thoughts.
    • maòàala
    • mandâmukhiyo
    • manussanâgo: El elefante entre los hombres, la serpiente entre los hombres. El jefe entre los hombres.
    • mârgaëîrsha
    • mâribyâdhi: Buddhaghosa explains ahivâtakaroga by mâribyâdhi, and says: When this plague befalls a house, men and beasts in that house die; but he who breaks through wall or roof, or is "rogâ mâdigato(?)," may be saved.
    • matthakato vemagghato ti
    • meraya
    • myrobalan tree
    • Moggallâna: Sâriputta and Moggallâna, dos jóvenes Brâhmaòas.
    • Mrigadâwa, or Deer Park
    • Mukalinda, tree
    • mukha

    N


    • Na pallatthikâya
    • Na oguòùhito
    • Na thûpato omadditvâ
    • Na ukkuùikâya
    • Nadî Kassapa
    • Nâga: (or Serpent)
    • naishkâmya
    • naishkarmya
    • naishkramya
    • Nakkhambhakato
    • Nâvikareyya:' he does not show it, he does not unveil it, he does not make it evident, he does not declare it before the Saêgha, or before a small chapter, or before one person.
    • Nekkhamma
    • Nerañarâ: río
    • Nigrodhârâma: (Banyan Grove). Then the Blessed One, after having resided at Râgagaha as long as he thought fit, went forth to Kapilavatthu. Wandering from place to place he came to Kapilavatthu. There the Blessed One dwelt in the Sakka country, near Kapilavatthu, in the Nigrodhârâma (Banyan Grove).


    N cont.


    • Nerañgarâ: río
    • nidânas: el sistema de las doce
    • Nigaòùhas
    • nihata
    • nîhata
    • nîhaùa
    • nimmânarati devas
    • Nirvâna
    • Nissaggiyas
    • Nissaggiya
    • nissaggiya dhamma
    • nissaya

    Ñ


    • Ñânadassana
    • ñattidutiya kamma
    • ñattikatuttha kamma

    O


    • Onîta
    • Onîtapattapâòi
    • osâpenti
    • Otiòòo
    • ovâda
    • Ovadeyya

    P


    • pabbaggâ
    • pabbaggâbhisaêkhâra
    • pabbaggâniyakamma
    • pâdaghaêsana
    • pâdakathalika
    • pâdakathalikâ
    • pâdapîùha
    • Pâkittiya
    • pakkhasaêkanta
    • pakkuddhâro
    • Pâli Piùakas
    • palibodha
    • Paòàuka
    • paòâmanâ
    • pañaôga: Las cinco malas cualidades, una de las diez ariyavâsas según el Buddhaghosa
    • pañka lenâni: Estos son los cinco tipos de viviendas (moradas) (pañka lenâni) que se declaran como permitidas, según el Kullavagga VI, i, 2. Estas son Vihâras, addhayogas, viviendas con historias (viviendas que hayan sido de anteriores religiosos), áticos y cuevas, se dicen que son las viviendas permitidas.
    • paññattaê
    • panunna pakkeka-sakka
    • pâpikâya ditthiyâ appaùinissagge
    • Pârâgika: The five classes of offences are, the pârâgika, saêghâdisesa, pâkittiya, pâùidesaniya, dukkaùa offences; the seven classes, the pârâgika, saêghâdisesa, thullakkaya, pâkittiya, pâùidesaniya, dukkaùa, dubbhasita offences. See, for instance, Kullavagga IX, 3, 3.
    • pârâgika dhammâ: The introduction having been recited, the four pârâgika dhammâ..
    • Pârâjikâ
    • Parampara-bhogane
    • paranimmitavasavatti devas
    • Paribbâgaka
    • paribbâgaka Sâriputta
    • Paribbâgakas
    • Paribbâgika
    • pârigâttaka: flower
    • pârikkattaka: flower
    • Parimaòàalaê
    • Parinibbâna
    • Parisuddhâ 'ti vedissâmi: (I shall understand that they are pure): I shall infer, I shall know.
    • pârisuddhi: I declare my pârisuddhi, take my pârisuddhi, proclaim my pârisuddhi
    • pârisuddhi-uposatha
    • Parivâra-pâtha
    • Parivâra-pâùha
    • Parivâsa
    • pârivâsika
    • parivattetvâ
    • Pariyâya
    • pasâdo uppanno hoti
    • passaddhakâya-saêkhâra: Ser fácilmente accesible, estar lleno de facilidad, una de las diez ariyavâsas según el Buddhaghosa
    • paùhama-kattika-puòòamâ
    • Pâùidesaniya: The five classes of offences are, the pârâgika, saêghâdisesa, pâkittiya, pâùidesaniya, dukkaùa offences; the seven classes, the pârâgika, saêghâdisesa, thullakkaya, pâkittiya, pâùidesaniya, dukkaùa, dubbhasita offences. See, for instance, Kullavagga IX, 3, 3.
    • Paùikkasamuppâdavibhaôga
    • Pâtimokkha
    • pâtimokkhuddesaka
    • paùisâraòiyakamma
    • Pavâraòâ
    • pavâraòâsaêgaha
    • pavâreti
    • Pavârito
    • peyyâla: Thus3 a hundred and seventy-five systems of triads are produced which refer to resident and resident Bhikkhus. (Then follow the same cases with regard to) resident and incoming Bhikkhus, incoming and resident Bhikkhus, incoming and incoming Bhikkhus. By putting these words (successively) into the peyyâla, seven hundred triads are produced.
    • pisâkillika
    • Pitakas
    • Pratimoksha
    • Prati-muk
    • Pratimukha
    • pratyaya
    • Prâyaëkittika
    • Prâyaëkittîya
    • puggala
    • Pukkhâvissaggana
    • Pukkusa
    • Puòòagi

    R


    • Râga
    • Râgagaha
    • Râgagaha
    • râgaka
    • ragake
    • Râgâyatana
    • râgini
    • Râhula
    • raññe
    • rañño
    • ratanaka
    • Ratanas
    • Ratanasammataê
    • Èishi
    • rogâ mâdigato: Buddhaghosa explains ahivâtakaroga by mâribyâdhi, and says: When this plague befalls a house, men and beasts in that house die; but he who breaks through wall or roof, or is "rogâ mâdigato(?)," may be saved.
    • rûpa: five elements of existence, rûpa, vedanâ, saññâ, saêkhârâ, viññâòa.
    • rûpa-sutta
    • Rûpiyakkhaddaka

    S


    • Sabbe va santâ' (all of us): as many as are present in that assembly, aged, young, and middle-aged (Bhikkhus), are denoted by sabbe va santâ
    • Sabbakâmî
    • sabhogaê
    • Sabhogane kule
    • sabhogana kula
    • sabhoganaê
    • saddhivihârikas
    • Sâdhukaê suòoma' (we hear it well): admitting its authority, fixing our minds on it, we repeat the whole of it in our thoughts.
    • Sagathavagga Samyutta
    • Sahadhammika
    • Sâketa
    • Sakka: (Sakra. or Indra) the king of the devas
    • Sakka Suddhodana
    • Sakkakkaê
    • Sakya: tribe
    • samabhâritaê
    • Samâdhis: (states of self-concentration)
    • samaggâ
    • Samaggena saêghena
    • samâkase
    • Samaòa Sakyaputta, El Gran Samaòa Sakyaputta, un asceta de la tribu Sakya, the great, an ascetic of the Sakya tribe;
    • Samaòa-bhatta-samayo
    • Samaòa Gotama
    • Samaòa Gotama Sakyaputta
    • Samanta-Pâsâdikâ
    • Sâmaòera: Let no one, O Bhikkhus, recite the Pâtimokkha in a seated assembly (of Bhikkhus) before a Bhikkhunî. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence. Let no one, O Bhikkhus, recite the Pâtimokkha in a seated assembly (of Bhikkhus) before a sikkhamânâ, a sâmaòera, a sâmaòerî, one who has abandoned the precepts, one who is guilty of an extreme offence. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.
    • Sâmaòerî: Let no one, O Bhikkhus, recite the Pâtimokkha in a seated assembly (of Bhikkhus) before a Bhikkhunî. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence. Let no one, O Bhikkhus, recite the Pâtimokkha in a seated assembly (of Bhikkhus) before a sikkhamânâ, a sâmaòera, a sâmaòerî, one who has abandoned the precepts, one who is guilty of an extreme offence. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.
    • Samanubhâsitabbo
    • Samaòuddeso
    • Sâmaññaphala Sutta
    • Samâpattis: (the eight attainments of the four Ghânas and four of the eight Vimokkhas
    • samavayasadhesana: Buscando las Cosas Rectas o Correctas, una de las diez ariyavâsas según el Buddhaghosa
    • sambodhi
    • Sambuddha
    • Saêgha
    • Saêghâdisesa
    • Saêghâdisesa
    • saêghâdisesa dhammâ: Having been recited, the thirteen saêghâdisesa dhammâ
    • Saêghamittâ
    • Saêgîti Sutta: The Saêgîti Sutta gives the ten Noble States, as follows: 1. being free from the five bad qualities (pañaôga) 2. being possessed of the six good qualities (khalaôga), 3. being guarded in the one thing (ekârakkha), 4. observing four things (katurâpassena), 5. rejecting each of the four false truths (panunna pakkeka-sakka), 6. seeking right things (samavayasa dhesana), 7. having pure aims (anâvila-saêkappa), 8. being full of ease (passaddhakâya-saêkhâra), 9. being emancipated in heart (suvimuttakitta), 10. being emancipated in ideas (suvimuttapañña). The Saêgîti then further enlarges on the meaning of each of these ten.
    • Saêkhâra-Yamaka
    • sammâdiùùhi
    • sammâñâòa (right knowledge)
    • sammâvimutti (right emancipation)
    • Sampagânamusâvâd' assa hoti: (he commits an intentional falsehood): what is intentional falsehood? It is a sin.
    • samutkarsha
    • Saôghâ
    • Saôghâdisesa
    • saêghâdisesa: The five classes of offences are, the pârâgika, saêghâdisesa, pâkittiya, pâùidesaniya, dukkaùa offences; the seven classes, the pârâgika, saêghâdisesa, thullakkaya, pâkittiya, pâùidesaniya, dukkaùa, dubbhasita offences. See, for instance, Kullavagga IX, 3, 3.
    • Saêghakamma
    • Saêghârâma
    • Saêgîti Sutta
    • saêkhârâ: Los cinco elementos de la Existencia: rûpa, vedanâ, saññâ, saêkhârâ, viññâòa.
    • saêkhâra-khandha
    • Sammâdiùùhisuttanta
    • sammâñâòa: (Recto conocimiento, right knowledge)
    • sammâvimutti (Correcta emancipación, right emancipation)
    • Sammukhâ-vinaya
    • sammuti: I.e. to abolish the character of uposathâgâra, conferred on the Vihâra &c. by the act of sammuti
    • sampavâreti
    • Saôkhâyana Gèihya
    • Santaê bhikkhuê
    • Santî âpatti: (an existing offence): an offence which has been committed, or which has been committed and not been atoned for.
    • saññâ: five elements of existence, rûpa, vedanâ, saññâ, saêkhârâ, viññâòa.
    • Sappâòaka
    • Sappinî: The river which Mahâ Kassapa crossed on his way to the Veluvana was the Sappinî, which rises in the Gigghakûùa mountain.
    • saraòagamanas
    • Saramânena: (by him who remembers it); by him who knows it and is conscious of it.
    • Saramâno: (remembering it): knowing it, being conscious of it.
    • sârayamâno
    • Sâriputta
    • Sâriputta
    • Sati-vinaya
    • Satiê upaùùhâpetvâ
    • Sâvatthi
    • sayani-ghara
    • sekha: The stage of a sekha, i. e. a person who has attained to any stage in the Noble Eightfold Path (such as sotâpattiphala, &c.) inferior to the highest (Arahatship)
    • Sekha-sammatâni kulâni
    • sekhapaññatti
    • sekha-sîla: Spence Hardy (Manual, p. 493) gives the term sekha-sîla, which he explains as the observance of precepts in order to become a sekha. See also Hardy's note on adibrahmâkariya-sila, 1. 1. p. 492.
    • Sekhiya
    • Senâninigama
    • Senâpatigrâma
    • Seniya Bimbisara: rey de Magadha
    • seùùhi
    • seùùhi-gahapati
    • seùùhi-ùùhâna
    • seùùhitâ
    • Sîhalaùùhakathâ
    • sikkhâpakkakkhâtâ
    • sikkhâ pakkakkhâtâ hoti
    • sikkhaê pakkakkhâti: We have no doubt that this is the correct translation of vibbhamati (see I, 39, 5). The difference between vibbhamati (he returns to the world) and sikkhaê pakkakkhâti (he abandons the precepts) seems to be that the former is an informal, and the latter a formal, renunciation of the Order.
    • sikkhamânâ: Let no one, O Bhikkhus, recite the Pâtimokkha in a seated assembly (of Bhikkhus) before a Bhikkhunî. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence. Let no one, O Bhikkhus, recite the Pâtimokkha in a seated assembly (of Bhikkhus) before a sikkhamânâ, a sâmaòera, a sâmaòerî, one who has abandoned the precepts, one who is guilty of an extreme offence. He who does, commits a dukkaùa offence.
    • sikkhamâòâs
    • Sikkhâpadâni, literally, 'Paths of Training.'
    • Siêhalese
    • Siôgiloòa
    • So âvikareyya: he may show it, unveil it, make it evident, declare it before the Saêgha (the full chapter of Bhikkhus), or before a small number, or before one person.
    • sotâpattiphala
    • Ärâvaòa: month
    • Subâhu
    • Subhûti
    • Sudinna, sin of
    • Sugata
    • Sugataôgulena
    • sukigharaê
    • Sumaôgala
    • Sumaôgala Vilâsinî
    • Supatiùùha
    • Suppavâyitaê
    • surâ
    • Suru-suru
    • Suttadharâ
    • Suttanta
    • Suttas
    • Suttantikas
    • Sutta Pitaka
    • Sutta-vibhaôga
    • Suttavibhangara
    • Suttadharâ
    • suvaòòakâraputto
    • suvimuttakitta: Tener el corazón emancipado, una de las diez ariyavâsas según el Buddhaghosa
    • suvimuttapañña: Estar emancipado en Ideas, una de las diez ariyavâsas según el Buddhaghosa
    • svayampati
    • Svetambaras

    T


    • tagganiyakamma
    • Taòhâ, Desire
    • tâni; madhu phâòitaê
    • Tasmâ:' for that reason.
    • tassa upalâpeti
    • Tassapâpiyyasikâ
    • tatragata
    • tatthagaya
    • Tâvatiêsa: Cielo
    • tâvatiêsa devas
    • Tevigga Sutta
    • Teviggu Sutta
    • theyya-saêkhâtaê
    • Thullaccaya
    • Thullakkaya: The five classes of offences are, the pârâgika, saêghâdisesa, pâkittiya, pâùidesaniya, dukkaùa offences; the seven classes, the pârâgika, saêghâdisesa, thullakkaya, pâkittiya, pâùidesaniya, dukkaùa, dubbhasita offences. See, for instance, Kullavagga IX, 3, 3. thullakkaya is a (grave) offence, (grave sin)
    • ti-kîvara
    • Tika-Nipâta
    • tikîvarena avippavâsa
    • Timaòàalaê
    • Tiòavatthâraka
    • Tipallattha-miga Gâtaka
    • tirakkhâna-viggâ
    • Titthiya: school
    • titthiyapakkhasaêkanta
    • Tûlaê
    • tulâdhâram
    • tulâtaramuòàako(read tulâdhâram)
    • Tuòhî bhavitabbaê: (he ought to remain silent): he ought to accept (the recitation of the Pâtimokkha without any answer), he ought not to utter anything.

    U


    • Uddaka Râmaputta
    • Uddhakka
    • Uddisissâmi
    • ukkhekkhâmi
    • ukkhepaniyakamma
    • Ukkhitto anosârito
    • ukkinatha
    • ummattakasammuti
    • upadhis
    • upadhisaêkhaye
    • upadhyâya
    • upagghâya
    • Upajjhâya
    • Upalâpeyya
    • Upâli
    • Upananda
    • Upananda Sakyaputta: the venerable Upananda Sakyaputta
    • Upanikkhittaê vâ sâdiyeyya
    • upâsaka
    • upâsaka Udena
    • Upasampadâ
    • Upasampadâ-kammavâka: With these sections compare the previous chapters 12, 28 and following, 36 and following. The watt is prescribed in this chapter, together with the Three Refuges Formula prescribed in chap. 12, 4, the whole of chap. 77, and the Four Interdictions form together the current ceremony of ordination (the upasampadâ-kammavâkâ) as now still in use in the Order. See the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, New Series, VII, p. i.
    • upasampanna
    • Upasena Vaôgantaputta
    • Upatissa: Púpilo o alumno de Sâriputta y Moggallâna
    • Uposatha
    • uposatha-pamukha
    • uposathapamukha
    • uposathâgâra: I.e. to abolish the character of uposathâgâra, conferred on the Vihâra &c. by the act of sammuti
    • Uposatho paòòaraso
    • Uttara Kuru
    • uttarimanussa-dhammaê

    V


    • Vadâno
    • vagga
    • vakîsaêkhâra
    • Vânaprasthas
    • Vappa: el Venerable, el Santo
    • varuòapraghâsâs: Thus the sacrifice of the varuòapraghâsâs, with which the Brahmans began the rainy season, was to be held either on the full moon day of Âshâàha or on the full moon day of the following month, Ärâvaòa, quite in accordance with the Buddhistical rules about the vassupanâyikâ.
    • vassa
    • vassâvâsikaê
    • vassupanâyikâ: The full moon day of Âshâàha or on the full moon day of the following month, Ärâvaòa
    • Vedanâ: five elements of existence, rûpa, vedanâ, saññâ, saêkhârâ, viññâòa.
    • Veluvana: Bosque de Bambú.
    • Veluvana monastery
    • Vesâlî, Council of
    • Vessavaòa: uno de los cuatro dioses que guardan las cuatro direcciones del mundo (Dhataraùùha, Virûlìaka, Virûpakkha, Vessavaòa or Kuvera)
    • vibbhamati: We have no doubt that this is the correct translation of vibbhamati (see I, 39, 5). The difference between vibbhamati (he returns to the world) and sikkhaê pakkakkhâti (he abandons the precepts) seems to be that the former is an informal, and the latter a formal, renunciation of the Order.
    • Vibhaôga
    • Vibhaôga
    • vidatthi: Buddhaghosa prescribes to leave an interstice of one hattha, and he adds that the ancient Sinhalese commentaries differ as to the measure required for this interstice: the Kurundî requires one vidatthi, the Mahâpakkarî four aôgula.
    • Vihâra
    • Vikâle
    • Vilâsinî
    • Vimala
    • Vimokkhas
    • Vinaya
    • Vinaya-dharâ
    • Vinayadharâ
    • Vinayapâmokkhâ
    • Vinaya Pitaka
    • Vinaya-Samukase
    • Vinaya Texts
    • viññâòa: five elements of existence, rûpa, vedanâ, saññâ, saêkhârâ, viññâòa.
    • Virûlìaka: uno de los cuatro dioses que guardan las cuatro direcciones del mundo (Dhataraùùha, Virûlìaka, Virûpakkha, Vessavaòa or Kuvera)
    • Virûpakkha: uno de los cuatro dioses que guardan las cuatro direcciones del mundo (Dhataraùùha, Virûlìaka, Virûpakkha, Vessavaòa or Kuvera)
    • Visâkhâ Migâramâtâ
    • Visuddhâpekkhena: (by him who desires to become pure): by him who wishes to atone for it and to make himself pure of it.
    • vitakkavikârâ
    • vyagra

    Y


    • yagatayas: Sacrificio Védico, los Vedas distinguen entre grandes y pequeños sacrificios (yagatayas y guhotayas
    • Yagñavalkya
    • yâma devas
    • Yasa
    • Yassa siyâ âpatti: (he who has committed an offence): he who, whether an aged or young or middle-aged Bhikkhu, has committed some offence belonging to the five classes of offences or to the seven classes of offences
    • Yathâ kho pana pakkekapuùùhassa veyyâkaraòaê hoti: (as a single person that has been asked a question answers it): as a single person that has been asked a question by another one, would answer it, thus (those who are present) in that assembly ought to understand: He asks me.'
    • yâvatatiyakâ
    • Yâvatatiyaê anussâvitaê hoti: (it has been solemnly proclaimed three times): it has been solemnly proclaimed once, and the second time, and the third time.
    • Yebhuyyasikâ
    • Yoganas
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